Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

10th Flashcards - biology > Test 1 (Ch. 1-2) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Ch. 1-2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of living things

A

biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

living things

A

organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

regions where particular organisms normally live

A

habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the study of plants

A

botany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the study of animals

A

zoology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the study of the physical structure of the human body

A

human anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the study of the function of the human body

A

human physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

About __1__ of the food we eat comes directly from plants. The other __2__ comes from animals that eat plants

A
  1. two-thirds
  2. third
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

reproductive part of the plant

A

flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

part of the plant that makes the food

A

leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two types of plants:

A

woody and herbaceous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

any plant with a long, thin stem that either grows along the ground or has tendrils that twine around a support

A

vine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

main root grows straight down and remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it

A

taproot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

primary root remains small and many slender secondary roots grow from it in all directions

A

fibrous root system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

flowering seed plants

A

angiosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

plants whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit

A

angiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

about ______ of plants are angiosperms

A

half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flowers of the composite family

A

heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

composite family example

A

daisy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

plant family with square stems and are aromatic

A

mint family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mint family example

A

basil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

plant family used in foods and seasonings

A

parsley family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

parsley family example

A

carrot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

plant family with an open, five-petal design

A

rose family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

rose family example

A

strawberry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

plant family used to prevent soil erosion

A

pea family (legumes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pea family example

A

peanut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

mustard family example

A

kale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nitrogen compounds (nitrogen and oxygen) that plants can use

A

nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bacteria, found on the roots of legumes, that converts nitrogen into nitrates

A

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

provides nitrates to the soil from decomposing plants and animals (ammonia)

A

nitrifying bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

movement of nitrogen from the air into the soil and back into the air

A

nitrogen cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

change nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen

A

denitrifying bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

lily family example

A

tulip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

plant family contain the three most common poisonous plants

A

cashew family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cashew family example

A

poison ivy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

nightshade family example

A

tomato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

stored food for the seed

A

cotyledon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

monocot characteristics

A
  1. one cotyledon
  2. parallel veins
  3. petals in multiples of 3
  4. fibrous roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

dicot characteristics

A
  1. two cotyledons
  2. branching veins
  3. petals in multiples of 4 or 5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

considered the most important group of plants on earth

A

grasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

grass family example

A

wheat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

the three most important cereal crops

A

wheat, corn, and rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

horizontal stem of a grass plant

A

stolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

largest plant

A

tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

trees having broad, flat leaves

A

broadleaf trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

trees that lose their leaves each fall and are bare all winter

A

deciduous trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

retain their leaves throughout winter

A

evergreen trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

long, tassel-like clusters that are the seeds of some trees

A

catkins

50
Q

most popular trees of residential areas

A

maples

51
Q

fruit of maple trees

A

samaras

52
Q

symbol of the American South

A

magnolias

53
Q

known for their thin, smooth bark that peels off in layers

A

birch trees

54
Q

known for their acorns and are used to make furniture

A

oak trees

55
Q

grow along rivers and in other damp areas

A

willow trees

56
Q

America’s largest deciduous tree

A

sycamores

57
Q

have both male and female trees

A

holly trees

58
Q

_____ are known for their bracts (modified leaves that look like white petals)

A

dogwood trees

59
Q

group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular job for an organism

A

system

60
Q

The _______ is the part of the plant that is ordinarily underground

A

root system

61
Q

The _______ is the part of the plant that is usually found above ground

A

shoot system

62
Q

a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system

A

organ

63
Q

three basic leaf shapes:

A
  1. broad and flat
  2. long and narrow
  3. needle-like or scale-like
64
Q

flat portion of the leaf

A

blade

65
Q

edge of the leaf

A

margin

66
Q

main vein of a leaf

A

midrib

67
Q

attaches the blade to the stem

A

petiole

68
Q

leaf that lacks a petiole

A

sessile

69
Q

grass that takes the place of a petiole

A

sheath

70
Q

small leaf-like or scale-like structures that help cover the leaf

A

stipules

71
Q

developing leaf or stem structures

A

buds

72
Q

one blade on every petiole

A

simple leaves

73
Q

more than one blade on every petiole

A

compound leaves

74
Q

place where the leaf grows from the stem

A

node

75
Q

two leaves growing from each node

A

opposite arrangement

76
Q

one leaf per node

A

alternate arrangement

77
Q

three or more leaves growing from each node

A

whorled arrangement

78
Q

cluster of leaves at the base of a plant

A

rosette arrangement

79
Q

most of the body of the plant is made up of _____

A

structural tissue

80
Q

sap-conducting tissue

A

vascular tissue

81
Q

vascular tissue that transports sap and water upward

A

xylem

82
Q

vascular tissue that transports sap and water downward

A

phloem

83
Q

sweet liquid within the vascular tissue of plants

A

sap

84
Q

responsible for the growth and repair of plants

A

meristematic tissue

85
Q

provides covering and protection for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces

A

epidermis

86
Q

tiny openings in the lower epidermis of leaves that regulate transpiration

A

stomata

87
Q

middle portion of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place

A

mesophyll

88
Q

______ run through the mesophyll layers and contain vascular tissue

A

veins

89
Q

pattern of veins within leaves

A

venation

90
Q

veins are parallel to each other

A

parallel venation

91
Q

branching pattern of veins with one main vein

A

pinnate venation

92
Q

characterized by two or more major veins extending outward from one point

A

palmate venation

93
Q

the basic structural unit of all living things

A

cell

94
Q

surrounds the cell, separates it from its environment, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

95
Q

spherical body often located near the center of the cell that controls the cell’s activities

A

nucleus

96
Q

consists of many molecules and organelles that make up the cell and of the fluid medium that surrounds them

A

cytoplasm

97
Q

found in plant cells; outside the cell membrane

A

cell wall

98
Q

complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall

A

cellulose

99
Q

a substance that adds stiffening to the walls of the woody cells in trees and shrubs

A

lignin

100
Q

tiny chemical “factories” that use light to manufacture food

A

chloroplasts

101
Q

the green pigment that gives plants their color and enables them to capture the energy of light

A

chlorophyll

102
Q

storage structures in cells

A

vacuoles

103
Q

organisms that can make their own food

A

autotrophs (producers)

104
Q

organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms

A

heterotrophs (consumers)

105
Q

process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food

A

photosynthesis

106
Q

know the formula for photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + photons (light energy) -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen)

107
Q

example(s) of light reactions

A

ATP and NADPH

108
Q

example(s) of dark reactions

A

glucose

109
Q

uses oxygen and glucose to produce energy

A

cellular respiration

110
Q

sugar used for transportation in a plant

A

sucrose

111
Q

form of sugar that is stored in plants

A

starch

112
Q

factors that affect photosynthesis

A
  1. Amount of available carbon dioxide
  2. Temperature
  3. Amount of available water
  4. Intensity of light striking the leaf
113
Q

pigment in a leaf that produces yellowish-orange colors

A

carotene

114
Q

layer of cells that cuts the leaves from the stem

A

abscission layer

115
Q

special enzyme that weakens the cell walls of the abscission layer

A

cellulase

116
Q

the process by which a plant loses water vapor through its leaves and stems

A

transpiration

117
Q

three factors that affect transpiration

A
  1. humidity
  2. wind speed
  3. soil water
118
Q

pressure of water inside the guard cells

A

turgor pressure

119
Q

open and close the stomata

A

guard cells

120
Q

occurs if the rate of transpiration is too high

A

wilting

121
Q

leaf that has a special design for a special task

A

special leaf

10th Flashcards - biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions