Test 3 Flashcards
areas where leaves are growing or have grown
nodes
growth in length
primary growth
growth in width
secondary growth
water-conducting cells that are like tubes that are only found in broadleaf trees
vessels (tracheids are in both broadleaf and other trees)
older, inner wood of a tree used as support for the stem
heartwood
outer covering of a monocot stem
rind
growth response in a plant
tropism
made up of a special stem and leaves designed to store food; onion is an example
bulb
thick stems that grow horizontally under the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction
rhizomes
special stems that grow quickly along the surface of the ground
stolon
special stem that is an example of special protection
thorn
roots with one primary root and other small roots
taproot system
roots spread out with no main root
fibrous roots
protects the tender root tip as it pushes its way through the soil
root cap
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
two forms of vascular tissue
xylem and phloem
two broad divisions of the skeletal system
axial and appendicular skeleton
the arm bones are __1__ which is on the thumb side, and the __2__ which is on the pinkie side
- radius
- ulna
longest bone in the body
femur
strong connective fiber that attaches a muscle to bone
tendon
heel bone
calcaneus
ankle bone
talus
famous botanist who found 100 uses for the peanut and several uses for the sweet potato
George Washington Carver
study of living things
biology
living things
organisms
flowering seed plants
angiosperms
angiosperm family that consists of a cluster of flowers resembling a single flower
composite family
square stems and very aromatic
mint family
plants that live for one growing season
annuals
plants with an open, five-petal design
rose
plant family with three of the most common poisonous plants
cashew family
legumes are part of the ___ family
pea
most important plant family
grass family
fruit of a maple tree
samara
symbol of the American South
magnolia tree
tree with bark that peels off in layers
birch tree
modified leaves of the dogwood tree that look like creamy white petals
bracts
a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular job for an organism
system
part of the plant found above the ground
shoot system
contain developing leaf or stem structures
buds
____ is found in plant cells along with the cell membrane, but this is not in animal cells
cell wall
organisms that can make their own plants
autotrophs (producers)
process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food
photosynthesis
sugar produced through photosynthesis
glucose
part of the plant that contains the ovary
pistil
transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of a pistil
pollination
a sweet-tasting, watery liquid produced by plants
nectar
the egg cell unites with the sperm cell
fertilization
reproductive cells
gametes
occurs as the ovary is growing larger and developing into a fruit
ripening
simple fruits in which the entire ovary is fleshy and juicy throughout
berries
outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer
drupes
simple fruits with an outer fleshy layer and an inner papery core
pomes
simple fruits that consist of a pod enclosing several seeds
legumes
consist of small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them
samaras
simple fruits with thin shells containing seeds
achenes
simple dry fruits consisting of a seed enclosed in a hard covering, or shell
nuts
fruit of the grass family
grain
will develop into the root system of the plant
radicle
a period of inactivity
dormancy
process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities
taxonomy
naturalist who devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification
Linnaeus
two main groups that all living things are divided into in classical taxonomy
kingdoms
a group of very similar organisms that can interbreed freely in nature
species
a group of similar organisms that are all descended from a single group of originally created organisms
kind
system for assigning scientific names
binomial nomenclature
organisms that
1. have membrane-bound nuclei
2. do no have membrane-bound nuclei
- eukaryotes
- prokaryotes
divisions of modern taxonomy that are the highest
domains
plants that produce seeds but do not produce flowers
gymnosperms
pollen-producing cones
staminate cones
seed-producing cones
ovulate cones
tallest known living thing
coast redwood
an unusual gymnosperm that resembles palm trees; an example is the sago palm
cycad
an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves
ginkgo
tiny, one-celled reproductive structures
spore
life cycle that involves both asexual and sexual reproduction
alternation of generations
“moss-like plants”; liverworts and mosses are examples
bryophytes
Instead of roots, a moss has tiny hair like threads called _____
rhizoids
Decaying peat moss is the main constituent of a substance known as ______, which is a compressed accumulation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes
peat
the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll-containing organisms
algae
microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms
plankton
form the largest group of algae
green algae
most numerous and most interesting of the yellow algae
diatoms
largest of the brown algae
kelp
causes red tide
dinoflagellates
nonvascular plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll and depend upon other organisms for food
fungi
organisms that obtain their nutrition form dead organisms
saprophytes
an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism
parasite
cheese and bread both have _____ impact it or grow on it
mold
____ is added to bread to make it rise
yeast
two different kinds of organisms living together for mutual benefit
symbiosis
body cavity that has the heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
body cavity with the liver and stomach
abdominopelvic cavity
the body’s defense against foreign invaders
immune system
system of the body that covers it and protects it from surroundings
integumentary system
system that supports the body and gives it rigidity
skeletal system
system responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
stable internal environment for the body
homeostasis
tissue that lines the body parts
epithelial tissue
tissue that connects the parts of the body
connective tissue
nonliving material surrounding cells
matrix
organs that are not useful were called ____
vestigial organs (there are no real vestigial organs)
system that moves the body
muscular system
braincase
cranium
U-shaped bone in the upper neck above the larynx
hyoid bone
the soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head
fontanels
uneven lines where the cranial bones fuse together
sutures
connective tissue that joins bone to bone
ligaments
smallest bones in the human body
malleus, incus, and stapes
tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions the joints between bones
cartilage
tailbone
coccyx
severe lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
