11.1-11.2 Flashcards
stable internal environment
homeostasis
system of the body designed specifically for homeostasis
integumentary system
main organ of the integumentary system
skin
system of the body that removes waste
excretory system
system of the body that removes liquid waste
urinary system
three functions of the skin
communication, protection, secretion
layer of the skin exposed to the environment
epidermis
outermost cells of the epidermis
squamous epithelial cells
living cells that rapidly reproduce
germinative cells
buildup of epidermal cells
callus
results when the immune system attacks epidermal cells, causing them to be formed and discarded too rapidly
psoriasis
dead skin cells begin to flake when the epidermal cells replenish themselves too rapidly
dandruff
tough, water-proof protein fiber that strengthens and hardens the cells
keratin (process is keratinization)
pigment of the skin
melanin
characteristic of being unable to produce melanin
albinism
most complex layer of the skin
dermis
layer of the skin that is a fatty layer of loose connective tissue that binds the skin to the underlying organs; it acts as an insulator and shock absorber
subcutaneous layer
natural process that protects the body from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun
tanning
serious problem for sunbathers that is dangerous, especially when sunscreen isn’t used
skin cancer
more harmful form of skin cancer
malignant melanoma
muscles that attach to the hair follicle
arrector pili (responsible for goose bumps)
oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible; produced by the sebaceous glands
sebum
clogged hair follicle due to excess oil
blackhead
help regulate body temperature
sweat glands
taking skin from another part of the body and putting it where the burn occurred
skin grafts
removal of waste substances from the body
excretion
most important part of the excretory system
kidneys
working units of the kidneys
nephrons
sieve-like structure in the kidney
glomerulus
return of beneficial molecules and useful substances to the blood
reabsorption
fluid that is not reabsorbed into the kidneys
urine
enzyme which acts on the circulatory system to increase blood pressure
renin
controls the regulation of water reabsorption
ADH
process of separating molecules of different sizes using a membrane
dialysis
