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10th Flashcards - biology > midterm half > Flashcards

midterm half Flashcards

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1
Q

disease characterized by tremors and muscle stiffness

A

Parkinson’s disease

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2
Q

simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

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3
Q

degeneration of the muscles due to lack of use

A

atrophy

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4
Q

steroids are produced by ______

A

adrenal glands

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5
Q

enlargement of muscles due to exercise

A

hypertrophy

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6
Q

chemical processes of the body

A

metabolism

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7
Q

body’s main source of energy; the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

A

carbohydrates

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8
Q

largest percentage of the blood is ____

A

plasma

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9
Q

principle organ of the nervous system

A

brain

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10
Q

the brain and spinal cord make up the _________

A

central nervous system

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11
Q

true or false: neurons rarely reproduce

A

true

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12
Q

inability of the muscles to move

A

paralysis

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13
Q

what controls complex muscle coordination

A

cerebellum

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14
Q

states that a person’s actions are completely due to particular stimuli

A

behaviorism

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15
Q

tough rubbery tissue that cushions joints

A

cartilage

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16
Q

most common respiratory illness

A

common cold

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17
Q

largest and strongest muscles of the body

A

gluteus maximus

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18
Q

nonliving material surrounding cells

A

matrix

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19
Q

hormone that controls metabolism

A

thyroxine

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20
Q

thick horizontal underground stem

A

rhizome

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21
Q

protective covering for the tip of a root

A

root cap

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22
Q

hairlike structures that take the place of roots in mold

A

rhizoids

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23
Q

largest of the brown algae

A

kelp

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24
Q

transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil

A

pollination

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25
Q

reproductive cells

A

gametes

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26
Q

union of the sperm and egg cells

A

fertilization

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27
Q

fruit that is fleshy and juicy throughout

A

berry

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28
Q

fruit of the grass family

A

grain

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29
Q

period of inactivity (specifically for a plant)

A

dormancy

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30
Q

growth in length is called _____

A

primary growth

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31
Q

older inner wood of a tree that is only used for support

A

heartwood

32
Q

special stem used for defense and protection

A

thorn

33
Q

one way diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

34
Q

plants that produce seeds but do not produce flowers; their seeds are not covered by the walls of an ovary

A

gymnosperms

35
Q

occurs when both sexual and asexual reproduction occur

A

alternation of generations

36
Q

smallest of the green, chlorophyll containing organisms

A

algae

37
Q

things that obtain nutrients from dead organisms are called

A

saprophytes

38
Q

organism that lives on or in an­ other living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism

A

parasite

39
Q

a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body

A

system

40
Q

the system of the body that is its defense against foreign invaders

A

immune system

41
Q

system that provides support and rigidity for the body

A

skeletal system

42
Q

system responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

43
Q

tissue that connects bone to bone

A

ligaments

44
Q

largest bone of the body

A

femur

45
Q

bones used for protection

A

flat bones

46
Q

tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

47
Q

manufactures red and white blood cells

A

red bone marrow

48
Q

most freely movable joints in the body

A

ball and socket joints

49
Q

muscle cell in the heart

A

cardiac muscle cell

50
Q

circulation to the kidneys

A

renal circulation

51
Q

circulation to the heart

A

coronary circulation

52
Q

circulation to the liver

A

portal circulation

53
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

54
Q

sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs

A

alveoli

55
Q

disease similar to dementia but occurs much earlier in life and may be genetic

A

Alzheimer’s disease

56
Q

organs responsible for taste

A

taste buds

57
Q

nerve of the body that connects the nose to the brain

A

olfactory nerve

58
Q

nerve of the body that connects the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

59
Q
  1. cells in the eye responsible for color
  2. cells in the eye responsible for light and dark
A
  1. cones
  2. rods
60
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

61
Q

fatty substances that are insoluble in water

A

lipids

62
Q

organs that tear and crush food for easier digestion

A

teeth

63
Q

most common disease in man

A

cavities (dental caries)

64
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

A

peristalsis

65
Q

primary organ of digestion and absorption

A

small intestine

66
Q

signals the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen

A

insulin

67
Q

infection of the colon

A

dysentery

68
Q

condition that occurs when the blood pressure drops to a critical low

A

circulatory shock

69
Q

disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

A

anemia

70
Q

what are part of the immune system

A

white blood cells (leukocytes)

71
Q
  1. universal blood donor
  2. universal blood recipient
A
  1. O-
  2. AB+
72
Q

body’s most efficient pump

A

heart

73
Q

inability of the body to clot blood

A

hemophilia

74
Q

largest artery

A

aorta

75
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

76
Q

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

10th Flashcards - biology (15 decks)

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