ch 19 quiz Flashcards
cold-blooded, water-dwelling vertebrates with gills and scales
fish
scientists who study fish
ichthyologists
fish with skeletons made either partially or wholly of bone
bony fish
over ____ of all known species of fish are bony fish
95%
three main body regions of fish
head, trunk, and tail
large, flat gill covers that help hide the gills
opercula (sing. operculum)
the largest part of a fish’s body
trunk
the most prominent features of the trunk and tail are the fish’s _____
fins
fins of a fish that are composed of a thin web of connective tissue spread over a fan-shaped skeleton of thin rods are called ______
rayed fins
two sets of paired fins located just behind the head on each side of the body
pectoral fins
paired fins farther back on the fish and lower on the trunk
pelvic fins
fins that project from the center-line of a fish and are not paired
median fins
fin that projects upward from a fish’s back
dorsal fin
median fin that serves as a fish’s propeller and rudder
caudal fin
special pigment cells of fish that give them their richly varied colors
chromatophores
small, bony plates that overlap and protect the fish
scales
W-shaped bands that a fish’s skeletal muscles are arranged in
myomeres (each is controlled by a separate nerve, allowing the fish to move its body in a wave-like, undulating motion)
special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the fish’s blood
gills
- arch of cartilage in a fish’s gill that gives it structure
- here the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the gill
- gill arch
- gill filament
a fish is designed with a _____ chambered heart
two
the most numerous of all fish are ____
plankton-eaters
two diets of fish
plankton-eaters and carnivores
a fish senses faint vibrations and pressure changes in the water with its ______
lateral line
the term that describes a fish laying eggs
spawn
organ of bony fish that helps a fish adjust its buoyancy
swim bladder
example of a fish that doesn’t have a swim bladder
flounders
fish eggs
roe
a young fish is called
a fry
shark scales that don’t overlap, but lie by each other and give it a sandpaper feel
denticles
fish with a skeleton made of cartilage
cartilaginous
nickname for rays
batoids
fish with broad, flat bodies and generally a long, whip-like tail
rays
most dangerous ray
stingray
true or false: true rays reproduce by internal fertilization and bear live young
true
only rays that are oviparous
skates
fish with a long, saw-toothed snout
sawfish
cartilaginous fish with gill covers
chimaeras
cartilaginous fish that lack jaws
hagfish and lampreys
