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Reproductive > Test 4 part 1 > Flashcards

Test 4 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

onset of puberty occurs between ages

A

8-13

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2
Q

puberty is stimulated by

A

Gonasotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

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3
Q

Is stimulated to secrete gonadotropins

A

anterior pituitary

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4
Q

gonadotropin stimulate the secretion of

A

estrogen form ovaries

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5
Q

when does menarche occur

A

2 years after the onset of secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

Cycles are usually ______ the first few years after menarche

A

annovulatory

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7
Q 
Hormones stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) mature the follicles 
Dominant follicle (Graafian) mature and produces estrogen
A

Follicular phase

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8
Q

Estrogen levels peak and begin to fall, progesterone levels increase
This is followed by surge in KH stimulating release of the oocyte from the dominate follicle

A

Ovulatory phase

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9
Q

Day 14 in the cycle
Empty follicle forms the corpus luteum
Corpus leuteum produces progesterone and will continue to produce progesterone and estrogen if pregnancy occurs
If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus leteum degenerates and progesterone levels decrease
This triggers the onset of menstruation

A

Luteal phase

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10
Q

Labs and test to test for menstruration abnormalities

A

hormone levels and thyroid panel

Ultrasound

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11
Q

Is moving from concrete thinking to more abstract thinking and problem solving
Consider moral and social issues
(Piagets formal operations stage)

A

developmental stage

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12
Q

Role identity, sense of self-esteem and worth, sexual identity
(Erikson)

A

psychosocial stage

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13
Q

Health problems specific to female adolescents may include

A

Eating disorders
STIs and pregnancy
Menstrual disorders
Acne

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14
Q

menopausal transition period

A

perimenopause

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15
Q

age range for perimenopause

A

35-58

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16
Q

when does the perimenopause transition end

A

cessation of menses for one full year

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17
Q

physical symptoms of hot flashes, sweating, and irregular periods
Mechanism is unknown

A

Vasomotor symptoms

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18
Q

when do perimenopause symptoms occur

A

2-8 years prior to menopause

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19
Q

what happens to labs during perimenopause

A

FSH levels increase
Estradiol decrease
TSH to rule out thyroid disease

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20
Q

Test form perimenopause women

A

DXA

Mammography

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21
Q

administration of hormones to alleviate menopausal symptoms

A

hormone replacement therapy

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22
Q

Estrogen only hormone replacement therapy can be used only in women who have had a

A

hysterectomy

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23
Q

combined therapy is used for women with

A

a uterus

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24
Q

plant absorbed products with estrogen properties such as yams, soy, carrots, and red clover

A

phytoestrogen

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25
Q

supplement that breaks down in the body as estrogen and testosterone
Suggested anti-aging effects, increase in sexual desire, better mood, cognition and bone density (RCTs and observational studies)

A

DHEA

26
Q

is the permanent cessation of menses from loss of ovarian function
Defined as absence of menstruation for one full year

A

Menopause

27
Q

Causes menopause

A

Spontaneous
Surgical
Chemical
Pelvic irradiation

28
Q

Lipoprotein profile changes

A

Increase in triglycerides
increase in total and LDL cholesterol
Decrease in HDL

29
Q

how often should lipid screening be done

A

every 5 years

Soon for women at risk for CAD

30
Q

risks for breast cancer

A 
Age
Family
History
BMI
Prolonged HRT (after 5 years)
31
Q

anxiety and irritability of menopause

A

climacteric syndrome

32
Q

are signs that vertebrae are being compresses because of reduced bone mass

A

Loss of height

Nontraumatic fractures

33
Q

Loss of bone mass (osteopenia) that compromises bone strength causing a predisposition to risk of bone fractures

A

Osteoporosis

34
Q

is characterized by loss of trabecular bone and thinning or cortical bone shell

A

osteoporotic bone

35
Q

Races at higher risk for osteoporosis

A

Non-hispanic caucasian

Asian

36
Q

Maximum level of bone density (peak of bone mass) is reached by age ____ and is genetically influenced

A

25 to 30

37
Q

medical conditions that can cause osteoporosis

A 
Hyperthyroidism 
Cushing's syndrome
Kidney disease 
RA
Organ transplant
38
Q

osteoporosis testing is done via

A

dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

39
Q

Common fracture sites

A

Vertebrae
Hip fracture
Wrist fracture

40
Q

Fractures may be followed by

A

Full recovery
Chronic pain
Disability
Death

41
Q

Daily calcium intake for ages 9-18

A

1300mg

42
Q

Daily calcium intake for ages 19-50

A

1000mg

43
Q

Daily calcium intake for ages >50 (and taking HRT)

A

12000mg

44
Q

DAily calcium intake for ages > 50 (not taking HRT)

A

1500mg

45
Q

when should calcium supplements be considered

A

if daily calcium intake is less than 600 mg

46
Q

Daily vitamin D intake for ages 9-70

A

400-600 IU

47
Q

Daily vitamin D intake for > 70

A

800 IU

48
Q

Know Vitamin D deficiency or autoimmune disease associated with deficiency should take

A

1000-2000 IU

49
Q

Food hight in vitamin D

A

Fatty fish
Cheese
Egg yolk
Beef liver

50
Q

Are found naturally in some plants and may bind to calcium and inhibit absorption

A

Phytic and oxalic acid

51
Q

Phytic and oxalic acids are found in

A 
Spinach 
Collard greens
Sweet potatoes
Rhubarb
Beans
52
Q

when should you take calcium when palnning to eat foods contain phytic or oxalic acid

A

1 hour before or 2 hours after

53
Q

What DXA score indicated need for treatment

A
54
Q

BMD testing (DXA) should occur

A

2 years after starting drug therapy and every 2 years after that

55
Q

(antiresorptive) PO nitrogen containing bisohosphonates- calcium regulators that act by inhibiting bone resorption and increase bone mass are

A

Alendronate (Fosomax)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Ibandronate (Boniva) PO and IV
Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) IV

56
Q

Side effects of of anriresorptive drugs

A

GI disturbance
Abdominal pain
Dyspepsia
Esophageal ulceration (rare)

57
Q

Patients taking Alendronate and risedronate need to remain upright and take nothing else for how long after taking medication

A

30 min

take with water

58
Q

Patients taking PO Ibandronate need to remain upright and take nothing else for how long

A

60 min

59
Q

Raloxifene (Evista) will not help with vasomotor S and S
Will not stimulate uterine/ breast tissue
Preserves estrogen

A

selective estrogen-receptro modulators

60
Q

Reserved for patients who do not respond to other treatments or those with severe disease

A

teriparatide (parathyroid hormone)

61
Q

Slows bone loss
Given intranasally
Used when non-responsive to other meds or uses in combo with other meds

A

Salmon calcintonin- calcium regulator

62
Q

Surgery used to stabilize vertebral fractures (does not reduce bone resorption)
Cement mixture is injected into fractured bone
Outcome is better in those with

A

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Reproductive (19 decks)

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