Exam 2 part 1 Flashcards
includes embryonic death, spontaneous abortion, missed abortion, fetal death, and neonatal death
Perinatal death
pregnancy loss less than 500 grams and before 20 weeks gestation with no sign of life
Miscarriage/spontaneous abortion
Regardless of gestation age, showing any evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or defined movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached
Live born infant
medical interruption because of health risks for the mother, for genetic reasons or due to a diagnosis of fetal anomalies
Abortion of a presumed healthy fetus through conscious choice
termination and abortion
the sorrow and grief after giving up a baby for adoption is much the same as other previously mentioned losses
adoption
fetal death after 20 weeks even with extensive evaluation, the babys death cannot be recognized in 60% of cases
stillbirth
Death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life
neonatal death
understanding the event as the parent sees it
knowing
being emotionally present and responding to the parents grief
caring
providing for the parents the way you would for yourself
doing
facilitating the unfamiliar event and providing anticipatory guidance
enabling
supporting the parents ability to come throughout the event and face the future with meaning
maintaing belief
this is the first option to discuss
It is the single most constructive act in facilitating the grief process
seeing and holding
Types of contraceptive
Natural methods Barrier methods Hormonal methods Intra uterine methods Permanent methods
types of natural methods
Abstinence
natural family planning
withdrawal
lactational amenorrhea method
Benefits of natural methods
Free
Natural
No medication or hormones
Disadvantages of natural methods
High failure rates
Doesn’t prevent STIs
Must be willing to frequently monitor body functions: temperature, and vaginal mucus production and consistency
24% failure rate
natural family planning
Requires full and exclusive breastfeeding, must use a backup method if any formula is used or there is any disruption in breastfeeding. Using a barrier method along with is often more effective
Last up to 6 months postpartum
Lactation amenorrhea
types of barrier methods
Condoms Vaginal sponges Cervical caps Diaphragms spermicide
benefits of barrier methods
readily avaliable
disadvantages of barrier methods
may reduce spontaneity
Must apply properly
Some require prescription
types of Hormonal contraceptives
Combined pill mini pill patches vaginal ring implants depo shot emergency contraceptive
Benefits of hormonal contraceptives
effective
Disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives
Need a prescription
Have multiple side effects
do not protect against STIs
progestin containing IUD that is good for 5 years
mirena
progestin containing IUD that is good for 3 years
skyla
copper containing IUD that is good for 12 years
Paragard
Types of sterilization
Vasectomy
Tubal ligation
Sterilization implant (Essure)
Benefits of sterilization
highly effective
disadvantages of sterilization
Considered permanent
Surgical procedure
Some discomfort
Polycystic ovary syndrome is also known as
Stein-leventhal Syndrome
what levels are elevated with PCOS
Estrogen
Testosterone
LH
what levels are decreased with PCOS
FSH
why is estrogen increased in PCOS
multiple follicular cysts in one or both ovaries
most common cause for female infertility
PCOS
signs of PCOS
Infertility Menstrual disorder Hirsutism Ovarian cysts Obesity Oily skin/ acne Pelvic pain Male pattern baldness
management of PCOS
Life style modification
Hormone therapy
Fertility therapy
Diabetic medication
Most common types of pelvic organ prolapse
Uterine
Cystocele
Rectocele
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse
Age
parity (number of births)
Obesity
History of pelvic surgery
anterior vaginal wall defect with bladder bulging in to the vagina
anterior vaginal bladder prolapse (cystocele)
symptoms of Cystocele
Feeling fullness in vagina
Urinary incontinence
Discomfort with intercourse
Management of cystocele
scheduled toileting estrogen therapy kegal exercise pessaries Anterior vaginal colporrhaphy surgery
bulging of the rectum in to the vagina
rectocele
management of rectocele
pessary
kegal exercise
hormones
surgical repair
