Exam 3 part 3

Question 1

are defined as any drug, viruses, infections, or other exposures that can cause embryonic and or fetal development abnormality

Answer 1

teratogens

Question 2

Degree ant type of malformation depends on

Answer 2

Length of exposure
Amount of exposure
When it occurs during human development

Question 3

ionizing radiation cause most damage to the

Answer 3

central nervous system

Question 4

ionizing radiation can cause

Answer 4

Mental retardation
Microcephaly
IUGR

Question 5

deficiency of vitamin A can lead to

Answer 5

eye
cleft lip
facial defects

Question 6

deficiency of vitamin B can lead to

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Infantile seizures

Question 7

deficiency of vitamin C can lead to

Answer 7

neural tube defects

Question 8

deficiency of vitamin D can lead to

Answer 8

Reduced fetal growth
Neonatal hypocalcemia
Neonatal rickets
defective tooth enamel

Question 9

maternal diabetes can lead to fetal

Answer 9

IUGR

Cardiac defects

Question 10

folic acid metabolic abnormalities can lead to fetal

Answer 10

neural tube defects

Question 11

maternal hyperthermia can lead to fetal

Answer 11

Neural tube defects

Question 12

maternal hypo and hyperthyroidism can lead to fetal

Answer 12

Heart
Kidney
CNS

Question 13

chorionic villus sampling (CVS) usually done before day 70 can cause

Answer 13

limb anomalies

Question 14

medication class that has controlled studies that show no risk Ex: folic acid

Answer 14

category A

Question 15

medication class that has studies in animals or humans that show fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human use and the risk clearly outweighs and benefit Ex: Isotretinoin (Acutain)

Answer 15

category X

Question 16

medication class that has animal studies that do not show risk but there are no human studies or animal studies show adverse effects but this is not confirmed in human studies Ex: amoxicillin and augmentin

Answer 16

category B

Question 17

medication class that has animal studies that show risk and there are no human studies or there are no human or animal studies Ex: Rifamoicin

Answer 17

category C

Question 18

medication class that has positive evidence of human fetal risk but benefits for some women outweigh the risk Ex: phenytoin and ACE inhibitors

Answer 18

category D

Question 19

side effects of marijuana use in pregnancy

Answer 19

Stimulate uterine contractions
Shortened gestation (dose dependent)
IUGR
Neurobehavioral effects

Question 20

Effects of cocaine on pregnancy

Answer 20

Increased risk for miscarriage early in pregnancy
May trigger preterm labor
IUGR
Increased risk for placental abruption

Question 21

effects of cocaine on newborn

Answer 21

Increased irritability
increased startle reflex
difficulty with habituation
Difficult to console

Question 22

heroin pregnancy effects

Answer 22

Preterm labor
PROM
PIH
Placental abnormalities
Stillbirth

Question 23

fetal effects of heroin

Answer 23

Increased fetal lung maturity
meconium stained amniotic fluid
respiratory problem after birth
Withdrawal with possible seizures

Question 24

drug prescribed to block withdrawal symptoms and cravings

Answer 24

methadone

Question 25

maternal effects of amphetamines

Answer 25

``` Abruption PTL Cardiac arrhythmia Poor appetite Insomnia ```

Question 26

fetus effects of amphetamines

Answer 26

IUGR | Reduced brain growth

Question 27

newborn effects of ampthetamines

Answer 27

Withdrawal Congenital heart defects Increased clubfoot (in females) Increased cleft lip and palate

Question 28

used for alcohol assessment

Answer 28

CAGE

Question 29

when can moms use barbiturates for withdrawal from alcohol

Answer 29

after first trimester

Question 30

Facial appearance in FAS

Answer 30

Microcephaly Flat maxillary area Flat philtrum Thin upper lip

Question 31

women who smoke have increased risk of

Answer 31

``` Miscarriage Stillbirth Placenta previa Placental abruption PROM PTL and preterm birth ```

Question 32

a gene that is always expressed even if only one copy is present

Answer 32

autosomal dominant

Question 33

two copies of a defective gene must be present for it to be expressed

Answer 33

autosomal recessive

Question 34

examples of autosomal dominant disorders

Answer 34

Huntington's | Achondroplasia

Question 35

examples of autosomal recessive disorders

Answer 35

Sickle cell Tay sachs Cystic fibrosis Thalassemia

Question 36

males only inherit these from their fathers | Most rare type of disorder

Answer 36

Y-linked disorders

Question 37

Male or female child can express this Father who carry can give it to daughters Mothers can affect both genders

Answer 37

x linked dominate

Question 38

Both mother and father must give via the X chromosome for girls to express Sons can only express if only mother is affected If only father affected daughters will carry his X

Answer 38

x linked recessive

Question 39

Examples of x linked recessive

Answer 39

Color blindness Hemophilia Duchenes muscular dystrophy

Question 40

male congenital anomalies

Answer 40

``` Cleft lip alone Hypospadiasis Clubfoot Hirschprung disease diaphragmatic hernia Pyloric stenosis Congenital heart defects ```

Question 41

female congenital anomalies

Answer 41

``` Congenital hip dislocation Anencephaly Spina bifida Pyloric stenosis Congenital heart defects ```

Question 42

Lip alone or with palate seen primarily in

Answer 42

males

Question 43

palate alone seen more in

Answer 43

females

Question 44

shoulder dystocia can lead to

Answer 44

palsy fracture neurological trauma

Question 45

TORCH stands for

Answer 45

``` Toxoplasmosis Other (T.plallidum, VZV, parvovitus, hepatitis) Rubella virus Cytomegalvoirus (CMV) Herpes simplex virus ```

Question 46

chorioretinitis can lead to what

Answer 46

color blindness

Question 47

neonate complications from toxoplasmosis are

Answer 47

hydrocephalus | intracranial calcification

Question 48

when is the greatest risk for congenital varicella

Answer 48

first 20 weeks

Question 49

mother with VZV after 20 weeks but before 110 days prior to delivery are treated symptomatically and given

Answer 49

acyclovir

Question 50

if the mother has VZV prior to 20 weeks the fetus can develop

Answer 50

congenital varicella syndrome

Question 51

treat infants with VZV with

Answer 51

VZIG

Question 52

CVS is associated with

Answer 52

``` Cataracts Chorioretinitis limb hypoplasia mental retardation dermatone lesions cutaneous scars ```

Question 53

if maternal rubella contracted prior to 8 weeks there is a chance of

Answer 53

congenital rubella syndrome

Question 54

congenital rubella syndrome causes

Answer 54

``` Cataracts Cardiac defects Deafness Glaucome Microcephaly CNS defects ```

Question 55

S and S of babies born with CMV are

Answer 55

``` Hearing/vision loss Mental disability Lung problems Spleen/liver bleeding problems Growth problems ```

Question 56

fetal infection of listeriosis acquired through placenta is usually

Answer 56

fatal

Question 57

newborn infections acquired through exposure in the birth canal results in

Answer 57

meningitis | Encephalitis

Question 58

treatment of Listeriosis includes

Answer 58

antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, or erythromycin)

Question 59

is basically the inflammation of the liver resulting from infection by different viruses transmitted sexually Mode of transmission can be non-sexual also

Answer 59

Hepatits

Question 60

Most common cause of acute hepatitis Spread by oro-fecal route Oral or anal sexual contact can predispose someone to it Best prevention is hand washing

Answer 60

Hepatits A

Question 61

S and S of hepatitis A

Answer 61

``` Anorexia Low grade fever N/V upper abdominal pain Jaundice ```

Question 62

can hep A vaccine be given during pregnancy

Answer 62

yes