Exam 3 part 1 Flashcards
stage one of fetal growth
growth by increase in cell number
stage two of fetal growth
growth by increase in cell number and size
which stage has permanent consequences if there is nutritional problems that interfere with cell division
Stage one
why do maternal need increase
Blood volume increases Plasma increases Red blood cells increase Increase in breast tissue Increase in uterine muscle Increased metabolic needs
how much do the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid weigh
11 pounds (5.0 Kg)
how much does the uterus weight
2 pounds (.9 Kg)
how much does the increased blood volume weigh
4 pounds (1.8 Kg)
how much does the breast tissue weigh
3 pounds (1.4 Kg)
how much do the maternal stores weigh
5-10 pounds (2.3-4.5 Kg)
When do the Dietary Reference Intakes stay the same
the first trimester
how many extra Kcals should an mother of normal BMI consume in the 2nd and 3rd trimester
300 Kcals
how much weight should an underweight BMI (
28-40 pounds
how much weight should an normal BMI (18.5-24.9) mother gain during pregnancy
25-35 pounds
how much weight should an overweight BMI (25-29.9) mother gain during prenancy
15-25 pounds
how much weight should an obese BMI (>30) mother gain during pregnancy
11-20 pounds
how much weight should a mother pregnant with twins gain during pregnancy
35-45 pounds
how much should you gain in the first trimester
1.1 - 4.4 pounds
how much weight should you gain in the last two trimesters
1 pound per week
whats increasing in weight during the first trimester
Uterine growth
Expansion of blood volume
whats increasing in weight during the second trimester
Increased blood volume
Enlargement of uterus
Tissues, fluid, and fat (maternal)
whats increasing in weight during the third trimester
Fetus
Placenta
Amniotic fluid
Increased risk for pregnancy complications due to obesity include
Maternal mortality Preeclampsia GDM Thromboembolism Postpartum hemorrhage Increased fetal size
Primary energy source
Promotes fetal growth
If inadequate, the protein used and ketosis results
carbohydrates (simple and complex)
how many servings of dairy should you have during pregnancy
2-3 (8oz) cups
how many servings meat should you have during pregnancy
2-3 (2oz) servings
how many servings grain should you have during pregnancy
6-11 servings
how many servings fruit should you have during pregnancy
2-4 servings
how many servings vegetables should you have during pregnancy
3-5 servings
What % should you have of fats
30 %
10% saturated fats
how much sodium should you have a day
2-3 grams
How many grams of protein should you have during pregnancy
60 grams= increase of 14 grams
what does one serving of protein equal to
2 oz of lean meat 1 cup legumes 1/2 cup cottage cheese 4 Tbsp peanut butter 6 oz of tofu
Essential fatty acids are important for what
nervous system development
fat deposits in fetus from what percent early to what percent late
2%
12%
low levels of serum calcium are linked to
HTN
Preeclampsia
Osteoporosis
how much calcium should a 14-18 year old, pregnant or lactating have a day
1300mg
upper level 3000mg
how much calcium should a 19-50 year old, pregnant or lactating have a day
1000mg
upper level 2500mg
What food contain iron
Lean red meat (best source) Chicken Turkey Eggs Cereals
how many mg of iron is recommended during second trimester
30 mg
how many mg of iron for reasonable diet
15-18 mg
what increases absorption of iron
vitamine C
what decreases absorprtion of iron
antacids
how many micrograms of iodine are recommended
220
how many mg of zinc are recommended a day
15
what foods are zinc found in
Milk
Shellfish
Liver
Wheat bread
how many mg of magnesium are recommended a day
320
what foods are magnesium found in
Milk
Whole grains
Nuts
Tea
Function of Omega 3s
Increase insulin sensitivity
Antioxidant
Increases B cell antibody production
what vitamins are fat soluble( stored in the liver)
A D E K
what vitamins are water soluble
C and B complexes
mega dose of vitamin can cause
Facial and cranial malformation
prenatal dose of Vitamin A for >19 years
770 mcg
prenatal dose of vitamin A for
750 mcg
Dose for vitamin D
5mcg upper dose 50 mcg
RDA of vitamin E in pregnancy is
15 mg
upper limit is 800-1000
how long does human milk provide adequate vitamin E
from birth to 6 months
Prenatal adequate intake of vitamin K in
75 mcg
prenatal adequate intake of vitamin K in >19 years
90 mcg
prenatal RDA of vitamin C
70 mg
