Exam 1 part 1 Flashcards
even when planned the mother/father may experience a sense of surprise conception actually occurred
May have thoughts of abortion and feel guilty about it
Ambivalence
turning in on ones self
introversion
identified 4 major tasks that a pregnant woman undertakes to maintain her intactness and that of her family and at the same time incorporating her new child into the family system
reva rubin
4 tasks of Rubin
Ensuring a safe passage for herself and child
Ensuring social acceptance of the child by significant others
Attaching or binding in to the child
Giving oneself to the demands of being a mother
Lederman’s & dimensions of maternal role development
Accepting the pregnancy
Identification with motherhood role
Relationship with own mother
Reordering relationship with husband or partner
Preparation for labor
Prenatal fear of loss of control in labor
Prenatal fear or loss of self-esteem
Life crisis age 0-1 1/2
trust vs mistrust
life crisis age 1 1/2-3
autonomy vs doubt
life crisis age 3-5
initiative vs guilt
life crisis age 5-12
industry vs inferiority
life crisis age 12-18
identity vs confusion
life crisis age 18-40
intimacy vs isolation
life crisis age 40-65
generatively vs self-absorption
life crisis age 65+
integrity vs despair
men experience similar discomforts and symptoms as pregnant partners
Couvade syndrome
When fathers explore all aspects of the pregnancy, childbirth, parenting
Emotional, technical, and physical
Explorers
When fathers are task-orientated (coaches, direct women’s diet/rest)
Detach from emotional aspects
Mangers
When fathers sit back and just observe
Might be present but prefer not to participate
Observers
when fathers remove oneself from whole situation (its a woman’s domain) more cultural influence here
Removers
Health and illness are determined by supernatural forces
May gain comfort from prayer, healing rituals and faith healing
magico-relgious belief
illness caused by virus, bacteria, fungi or damage to the body
Expect medical intervention
scientific biomedical belief
Illness os a result of when natural balance or harmony is disturbed
Holistic approaches
Holistic health belief
Expected behavior of pregnant women during childbearing period
prescriptive behaviors
Activities which are limited during childbearing period
restrictive behaviors
Restrictions believed to have serious supernatural consequences
Taboos
secreted by ovaries-Corpus Luteum- placenta
estrogen
Increase early in pregnancy then decreases then increases again
Increases blood flow to the uterus
Changes the sensitivity of the reparatory system to carob dioxide
Develops mammary tissue and increases prolactin
Soften cervix
Estrogen
Secreted by the corpus luteum in the first 5 weeks then by the placenta
Progesterone
Causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract
It relaxes the smooth muscle of the urinary tract which enlarges the ureters and increases the bladder capacity
Prepares breast for lactation (lobules and Acini)
Progesterone
Secreted by the troblastic tissue surrounding the embryo and maintains function of corpus luteum then the chorionic villi (placenta) take over
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin hCG
Detectable 7 days in maternal serum/10 days in urine
maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy by producing progesterone and doubles every 2 days
Pregnancy hormone
hCG
secreted by the placenta soon after implantation and gradually rises
Peaks at 36 weeks
Human Placental Lactogen hPL
Decreases maternal glucose metabolism
Increases maternal circulating free fatty acids
Insulin antagonist
hPL
inhibits uterine activity, diminishes contraction strength
Softens cervix
Aids in remodeling collagen (pelvic structure)
Relaxin
Secreted by the anterior pituitary
prolactin
lactation hormone
prolactin
labs that are decreased during pregnancy
Hemoglobin
Hematocrite
Both can because because of hemodilution
Fibroinolysis
labs that increase during pregnancy
Fibrinogen Coagulation factors Both Protect mother from hemorrhage RBC WBC
Salivary glands more active
ptyalism
softening of the cervix and uterus
usually an elastic feel
Goodells sign
softening of the ishmus
Hegar’s sign
palpate the fetal head and gently bouncing it and feeling it rebound
this is considered a probable sign of pregnancy
Ballotment sign
irregular, inconstant, painless contractions
braxton hicks contractions
Cyanosis of the cervix due to increase vascularity and edema
chadwicks sign
painless dilation of the cervix prior to full term usually in the 2nd trimester
cerclage needed
incompetent cervix
separation of rectus abdomens muscle
diastasis recti
the mask of pregnancy
cholasma
silvery or reddish slightly depresses streaks
striae gravidarum
how much folic acid is needed
0.4 mg daily
natural childbirth methodes
Dick-reed
psychoprophylaxis method
lamaze
husband coached childbirth
bradley
1st trimester
weeks 1-14
2nd trimester
weeks 15-27
3rd trimester
weeks 28-40
how often are office visits until 28 weeks
every 4 weeks
how often are office visits until 36 weeks
2 weeks
how often are office vistas until delivery
every week
Ways to estimate gestational age
Nageles rule
Fundal height
Ultrasound
How to use Nageles rule
First day of LMP
Subtract 3 months
Add 7 days
