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Reproductive > Exam 1 part 4 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the failure to conceive after twelve months of unprotected intercourse

A

infertility

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2
Q

no previous pregnancy

A

primary infertility

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3
Q

one or both partners have been previously pregnant

A

secondary infertility

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4
Q

the inability to carry to viability

A

impaired fecundity

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5
Q

stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone

Stimulates the testes to secrete the male sex hormone testosterone

A

LH

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6
Q

High LH

A

testicles are not functioning properly or have been removed

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7
Q

Low LH

A 
anorexia nervosa
pituitary gland failure 
damaged hypothalmus 
stress
extremes of weight
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8
Q

stimulates the production of sperm

A

FSH

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9
Q

high FSH

A

imbalance with testes function

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10
Q

low FSH

A

imbalance of the pituitary or hypothalamus function

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11
Q

what is the normal ejaculation volume range

A

1.5-5 ml

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12
Q

ph level of sperm

A

7.05-7.8

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13
Q

normal concentration of sperm

A

20 million/ml

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14
Q

oligospermia

A

less than 2 million sperm/mL

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15
Q

an enlarged varicose vein in the spermatic cord that connects to the testicle

A

varicocele

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16
Q

cut away abnormal cervical tissue that cab be seen during colposcopy

A

Loop

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17
Q

remove abnormal tissue high in the cervical canal that cannot be seen during colposcopy

A

LEEP

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18
Q

treatment for endocrine disorders

A

hormonal therapy

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19
Q

treatment for abnormal sperm count

A

life style changes

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20
Q

treatment for sperm antibodies

A

corticosteroids

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21
Q

treatment for sperm transport

A

repair of varicocele or inguinal hernia

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22
Q

treatment for intercourse disorder

A

surgery such as transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts

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23
Q

inconsistent ovulation

A

anovulation

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24
Q

testosterone level that is optimal for ovulation

A
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25
Q

dark patches of skin on body folds

A

acanthosis nigricans

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26
Q

Results in narrowing of the uterine cavity which causes interference with embryonic and fetal development and can lead to spontaneous abortion

A

Uterine fibroids

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27
Q

causes of altered fallopian tube

A

blocked tubes
pelvic inflammatory disease
pelvic adhesive disease
endometriosis

28
Q

is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that very rarely becomes cancer
most problematic if the fibroid is large >5 cm

A

leiomyomas

29
Q

benign growths of the endometrium, can effect implantation of the egg

A

endometrial polyps

30
Q

Gross scarring of the endometrial lining, usually due to repetitive D&C or infection of the endometrium

A

intrauterine adhesion

Ashermans syndrome

31
Q

pH of cervical mucous

A

> 4.6

32
Q

interference with ability of sperm to survive or enter the uterus

A

antisperm antibodies

33
Q

how much does the basal body temperature rise during ovulation and for how long

A

0.4 F and 3 days

34
Q

done day 3 of menstrual cycle = FSH and estradiol test

>101 u/l refer to reproductive specialist

A

ovarian reseve testing

35
Q

done 36 hours B4 ovulation by urine or serum

A

LH surge

36
Q

done at the end of menstrual cycle clinical or office

A

endometrial biopsy

37
Q

dye inserted through cervix to detect tubal problems and uterine abnormalities

A

Hysterosalpingogram

38
Q

used to see the shape and size of the uterus of ovaries

A

Ultrasound

39
Q

both procedure use a small video camera to view the pelvic organs
Last resort

A

hysteroscopy

Laparoscopy

40
Q

Treatment for anovulation

A

life style changes

41
Q

treatment for tubal disorders

A

surgery to open fallopian tubes

42
Q

uterine fibroids

A

myomectomy

43
Q

treatment for cervical factors

A

antibiotics

44
Q

sperm removed from semen is deposited directly into the cervix or uterus

A

Artificial insemination

45
Q

Reasons to use artificial insemination

A

Poor cervical mucous
antisperm antibodies
decrease sperm and motility

46
Q

Sperm harvested from testicle and injected into harvested egg of female partner

A

Testicular sperm aspiration

47
Q

Reasons to use Testicular sperm aspiration

A

unsuccessful vasectomy reversal
absent vas deferens
extremely low sperm count

48
Q

egg harvested and fertilized in petri dish in lab

A

in vitro fertilization

49
Q

zygote placed in fallopian tube 1 day after oocyte retrieved

A

Zygote intrafallopian transfer

ZIFT

50
Q

sperm and egg mixed in lab and placed in fallopian tube

A

Gamete intrafallopian transfer

GIFT

51
Q

reasons to use GIFT

A

History of annovulation
unexpected infertility
low sperm count

52
Q

are the organs that produce gametes

A

gonads

53
Q

finger like projections of infundibulum

A

fimbriare

54
Q

fertilization

A

ampulla

55
Q

final step of maturation

A

capacitation

56
Q

FSH and LH is secreted by

A

adenohypophysis

57
Q

is a structure that contains a great number a digestive enzyme it is located in the anterior end of the sperm cell and it is formed by the union of Golgi apparatus vesicles

A

Acrosome

58
Q

what is the function of the acrosome

A

to release it enzyme to break the external covering of the female gamete

59
Q

how is the flagellum formed

A

by the centrioles that migrate to the region posterior to the nucleus

60
Q

why is the cytoplasm of sperm cells very reduced

A

decreases weight and more hydrodynamic

61
Q

why do mitochondria of sperm cells concentrate in t eh base of the flagellum

A

for it to beat and move the cell

62
Q

follicular phase

A

menses day 1

63
Q

ovulation

A

14 days plus or minus 2 days in length
LH surge
Mittleschmerz

64
Q

luteal phase

A

ends with onset menses

increased progesterone

65
Q

building of endometrium influence of estrogen

A

proliferative phase

66
Q

succulent Garden of Eden

influence of progesterone = the maintainer

A

secretory phase

Reproductive (19 decks)

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