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Reproductive > Exam 1 part 5 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

developmental process by which the mature human ovum is formed, haploid number of chromosomes

A

Oogenesis

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2
Q

Process by which the cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells each with 46 chromosomes

A

mitosis

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3
Q

Cellular division for sexual reproduction

Haploid results in 23 chromosomes

A

meiosis

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4
Q

degenerates without implantation

A

corpus luteum

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5
Q

when does an unfertilized oocyte die

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

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6
Q

how long do sperm survive in the uterus

A

48-80

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7
Q

sperm swimming penetrates the

A

Corona radiata

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8
Q

sperm binding to the ____ is critical

A

Zona pellucida ZP3

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9
Q

membrane fusion

A

acrosomal reaction

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10
Q

releases hydrolytic enzyme (acrosin is a membrane bound seine protease)

A

everts acrosomal reaction

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11
Q

fertilization occurs in the ____ of the fallopian tube

A

ampulla

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12
Q

high____ levels increase contractibility of tubes to help move ovum
Helps thin cervical mucous

A

estrogen

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13
Q

when is the morula is 16 cell solid sphere

A

3 days

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14
Q

when is it a blastocyte

A

5 days

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15
Q

inner cell mass

A

embryoblast= embryo

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16
Q

outer layer of cells/ trophoblast

A

becomes part of the placenta

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17
Q

pre embryonic

A

1-14 days

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18
Q

embryo

A

time of fertilized ovum to fetus 2nd-8th week

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19
Q

fetus

A

from 8th week until birth 40 weeks

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20
Q

all tissue products of conception (embryo, fetal membranes and placenta)

A

conceptus

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21
Q

the innermost of the three primarily germ layers of an animal embryo, developing into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs, and associated structures
also called hypoblast

A

Endoderm

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22
Q

an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mothers blood supply

A

placenta

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23
Q

is the outer layer of the early embryo

It emerges first and forms from the outer layer of germ cells

A

ectoderm

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24
Q

the middle embryonic germ layer, lying between the ectoderm and the endoderm from which connective tissue, muscle, bone, and the urogenital and circulatory system develops

A

mesoderm

25
Q

when do the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm form

A

between days 15-18

26
Q

the endometrium during pregnancy except at the site of the implanted blastocyst

A

Decidua parientalis- vera

27
Q

what does the endoderm create

A

lungs, intestines, bladder

28
Q

Three shunts bypass fetal liver and lungs

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

29
Q

placental functions

A

Metabolic
endocrine
immunologic
transport

30
Q

Foramen ovale

A

rt atrium/ lt atrium

31
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

pulmonary artery to aorta

32
Q

Protection of the fetus from pathogens
Large bacteria are prevented but many bacteria and viruses are smaller and do cross
Maternal igG cross

A

immunologic placental functions

33
Q

Mechanisms include: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, bulk flow, accidental capillary breaks, independent movement

A

transport placental functions

34
Q 
Physical protection of fetus
Uniform pressure
Even temperature
fluid to drink and breath
medium of movement 
wedge for childbirth
excretion and collection system
A

amniotic fluid function

35
Q

from it develops the chorionic villa that enter the endometrium with implantation-gives rise to placenta

A

blastocyte

36
Q

the innermost fetal membrane: a thin thansparent sac that holds the fetus suspended in the liquor amnii – or amniotic fluid- grows rapidly and by the end of the 3rd month fuses with chorion- forming the amniotic sac– bag of waters

A

Amnion

37
Q

is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment -first appears during the fifth week of pregnancy and grows to be no larger than 6 mm. Yolk sacs larger than 6 mm are usually indicative of an abnormal pregnancy. Failure to identify (with transvaginal ultrasound) a yolk sac when the gestational sac has grown to 12 mm is also usually indicative of a failed pregnancy. Is early site of homeogenesis

A

yolk sac

38
Q

the part of the decidua that surrounds the chorionic sac

A

Decidua capsularias

39
Q

the part of the uterine decidua that unites with the chorion to form the placenta

A

Decidua basalis

40
Q

causes of longer umbilical cord

A

vascular occlusion

thrombi, fetus, and true

41
Q

oxygenated fetal blood via 1 umbilical

A

vein

42
Q

oxygen depleted fetal blood via 2

A

arteries

43
Q

makes glycogen, fatty acids, cholesterol, and enzymes

Produces ammonia and lactate that stimulate the fetal liver

A

Metabolic placental functions

44
Q

HCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone, various growth factors, oxytocin, various pituitary

A

endocrine placental functions

45
Q

can breath/ lacks surfactant

A

28 weeks from LMP

46
Q

how big is an embryo at four weeks

A

4 mm long

47
Q

inhibited fetal swallowing

A

polyhydramnios

48
Q

fetal urinary obstruction or renal agenesis

A

oligo

49
Q

how long is the umbilical cord

A

55cm

50
Q

extracellular matrix consisting of specialized connective tissue

A

whartons jelly

51
Q

causes of extremely short umbilical cord

A

abruptio placenta

unterine inversion

52
Q

fetal heart begins to beat

A

4 weeks from conception

53
Q

all organs are formed

A

8 weeks from conception

54
Q

heart beat heard with doppler

A

9-12 weeks from LMP

55
Q

babys sex may able to be seen

A

11 weeks from LMP

56
Q

mother feels movement

A

17-20 weeks from LMP

57
Q

respiratory movements

A

24 weeks from LMP

58
Q

brain before lungs

A

cephalcocaudal

59
Q

arms before fingers

A

proximodistal

Reproductive (19 decks)

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