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21 fall: Anatomy > test 3: teeth and jaws > Flashcards

test 3: teeth and jaws Flashcards

1
Q

back of the oral cavity

A

palatoglossal arch

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2
Q

functions of the mouth

A

threat display, defense, vocalization, food acquisition, and processing

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3
Q

tongue is used for

A

food prehension and repositioning, separation of waste

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4
Q

types of taste buds

A

vallate, foliate and fungiform

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5
Q

what papillae do not have tastebuds

A

filiform and conical

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6
Q

functions of saliva

A

Keeps the mouth moist
Antibacterial: protects teeth
Lubricates swallowing
Begins carbohydrate breakdown
– Saliva also deposits tartar on teeth

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7
Q

position of salivary glands

A
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8
Q

what type of animals have small salivary glands

A

carnivores- meat wet doesn’t need help to swallow

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9
Q

saliva contains ___ that starts carb breakdown

A

ptyalin (α-amylase)

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10
Q

Saliva production is affected by___

A

: 1) mental state; 2) hydration; 3) presence of objects in the mouth

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11
Q

sympathetic innervation will do what to saliva?

A

decrease (fight ot flight)

increase (rest and digest)

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12
Q

mastication

A
  1. Chewing divides food into smaller pieces & prepares it for swallowing
  2. Particle size reduction ↑ surface area & facilitates digestion (chemical)
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13
Q

___ includes the teeth; jaws & jaw joints; & jaw muscles

A

Masticatory apparatus

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14
Q

teeth can provide information about

A

age, diet and sex

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15
Q

__ teeth are used for food acquisition

A

incisors and canines

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16
Q

___are used for food processing

A

premolars and molars

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17
Q

Tooth development involves interactions between epithelium & ___

A

mesenchyme

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18
Q

6 dental tissues

A

enamel
dentine
cement
pulp
periodontal ligament
gingiva

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19
Q

what three dental tissues are not mineralized

A

pulp
periodontal ligament
gingiva

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20
Q

what three dental tissues are mineralized

A

enamel
dentine
cement

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21
Q

enamel

A

hard & brittle. Resists abrasion.
Covers anatomical crown
97% hydroxyapatite
Acellular – damage can’t be repaired*
Formed by ameloblasts (ectodermal)

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22
Q

dentine

A

elastic. ‘Tough’ zone just below EDJ.
Absorbs & distributes stresses
70 - 80% hydroxyapatite
Formed by odontoblasts (derived from neural crest)
Four types:
Primary dentine (formed before tooth erupts)
Secondary (slowly fills pulp cavity after eruption)
Tertiary dentine (repairs cracks, etc.)
So-called “intermediate cement” (at the CDJ)

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23
Q

cement

A

attachment for periodontal ligament
Covers root (and sometimes also covers crown)
50-65% hydroxyapatite
Formed by cementoblasts
Can be cellular or acellular
Annual layers (# of layers – age estimate)

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24
Q

pulp

A

Pulp (located within the tooth)
Living core of tooth
Includes vessels, nerves, lymphatics, loose CT, & odontoblasts
Vessels & nerves enter & exit via root canal
Odontoblasts are at pulp surface. Have cellular processes that extend to EDJ and CDJ

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25
Q

periodontal ligament

A

(lies outside of tooth)
Connects tooth to alveolus (socket) in jaw
Supports the tooth against bite force
Assists in eruption (periodontal traction)
Sensory: temperature; tension / pressure; pain

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26
Q

gingiva

A

(lies outside of tooth)
Covers jaw bone, & forms a “cuff” around teeth
Two types:
attached – to jaw bone or tooth cement
free – overlaps crown; forms ‘gingival pocket’
Derived from oral mucosa

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27
Q

what part of the tooth is acellular

A

enamel- can not be repaired

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28
Q

how does dentine repair itself

A

odontoblasts processes reach out into the EDJ(enamel-dentine junction) and secrete new dentine (tertiary dentine) to repair itself

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29
Q

___ covers the root of the tooth

A

cement

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30
Q

living core of the tooth

A

pulp

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31
Q

___ attaches root of tooth to the alveolus

A

periodontal ligament

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32
Q

gums or ___

A

gingiva

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33
Q

what are the pockets around a tooth

A

gingival pockets

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34
Q

4 parts of a tooth

A

crown
neck
root
alveolus

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35
Q

anatomical crown vs clinical crow

A
  1. Crown (height rel. to root length can vary)
    a. Anatomical crown – enamel-covered
    b. Clinical crown – visible above gums
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36
Q

where to grip a tooth to extract it

A

neck

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37
Q

tooth socket

A

alveolus

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38
Q

any part of the tooth that has an enamel covering

A

crown (anatomical crown)

39
Q

what kind of animal has very big difference between clinical and anatomical crown?

A

horse (high crowned teeth)

40
Q

tooth development

A
  1. Oral epithelium (DE) invaginates into jaw mesoderm (DM) to form the “dental lamina” (see E13.5)
  2. Tooth buds form on the lamina. Each bud includes:
    Dental cap – ectoderm (from oral epithelium)
    → ameloblasts (produce enamel)*
    cap includes root sheath (at bottom of cap)
    Dental papilla – ectomesenchym (cranial neural crest)
    → odontoblasts (produce dentine) (DP in E14.5)
    tooth pulp = remnant of dental papilla
    Dental follicle – ectomesenchym; surrounds the dental cap and dental papilla.
    → cementoblasts (produce later cement layers)
    → periodontal ligament (CT connection to alveolus)
41
Q

Oral epithelium (DE) invaginates into jaw mesoderm (DM) to form the ___

A

“dental lamina”

42
Q

Tooth ___ form on the lamina

A

buds

43
Q

tooth buds include

A

dental cap

dental papilla

dental follicle

44
Q

dental cap

A

ectoderm (from oral epithelium)

→ ameloblasts (produce enamel)*

cap includes root sheath (at bottom of cap)

45
Q

dental papilla

A

ectomesenchym (cranial neural crest)

→ odontoblasts (produce dentine)

tooth pulp = remnant of dental papilla

46
Q

dental follicle

A

§ectomesenchym; surrounds the dental cap and dental papilla.

→ cementoblasts (produce later cement layers)

→ periodontal ligament (CT connection to alveolus)

47
Q

Ameloblast basal lamina = position of ___

A

Enamel-Dentine Junction (EDJ)

48
Q

___ will become the pulp of the tooth

A

dental papilla

49
Q

dental papilla will produce odontoblasts which produce ___

A

dentine

50
Q

dental cap will produce ameloblasts if ___ is present

A

stellate reticulum

ameloblast build need enamel

51
Q

EDJ

A

enamel dentine junction

52
Q

why does dental papilla get smaller

A

puts on more and more layers of dentine

53
Q

odontoblasts

A

Odontoblasts add dentine layers, at dental papilla

New layers form on pulp side of older dentine layers

Odontoblasts move away from cap & EDJ as layers added

dental papilla = future tooth pulp

54
Q

Ameloblasts

A

Ameloblasts – add enamel layers to outer crown surface

New layers form outside older enamel layers

Ameloblasts move outward, away from papilla & EDJ

55
Q

why no enamel at root?

A

no stellate reticulum= no ameloblasts = no enamel

root sheath

56
Q

root sheath

A

lower edge of dental cap (see “HERS”)

Zone of cap without ameloblasts; makes no enamel

Odontoblasts facing the sheath produce root dentine

Produces thin, highly calcified layer of outer root dentine (sometimes called ‘Intermediate cement’)

Root sheath disintegrates as tooth erupts (except in open-rooted teeth, which keep growing throughout life)

57
Q

dental follicle

A

Derived from ectomesenchyme

Inner cells become cementoblasts that make dental cementum (new layer added every year)

Outer cells give rise to periodontal ligament

Top half of follicle resorbs bone above tooth; bottom half builds alveolar bone below tooth.

58
Q

dental follicle will produce ____

A

cementoblasts → cement

periodontal ligament

59
Q

tooth eruption

A
  1. Erupting teeth travel along the dental lamina to the jaw surface
  2. The follicle is essential for eruption. If the follicle is missing, eruption fails.§Creates pathway for erupting tooth by resorbing overlying bone / tooth roots§Fills the emptied crypt with new bone (which helps push tooth toward jaw surface)§Produces the periodontal ligament (which pulls the erupting tooth toward jaw surface)
  3. Enamel deposition ceases as the tooth erupts (except in open-rooted teeth)
  4. Dentine & cement continue to form after tooth erupts, in all teeth
60
Q

ever growing teeth

A

hypselodont (rodent)

61
Q

what happens to teeth after they erupt

A

§The pulp cavity narrows as dentine gradually fills it

§Root canal also narrows, but remains open (for nerves & vessels)

§Pulp cavity remains wide in open-rooted teeth (+ no roots), continue to grow & erupt throughout life, hypselodont

62
Q

septae between teeth

A

interalveolar septae

63
Q

septae between roots

A

interradicular septae

64
Q

what type of teeth attachment do mammals have

A

gomphodont attachment. One or more roots; alveoli (sockets) fit root tightly

65
Q

set of teeth that are identical

A

homodont dentition

66
Q

animals with no teeth

A

adontia (bird)

67
Q

set of teeth that are different

A

heterodont dentition

68
Q

when an animal looses its teeth

A

edentulous

69
Q

why does a tooth not make enamel once it has erupted?

A

broken follicle- no more stellate reticulum = no ameloblasts = no enamel

there is still odontoblasts on inside of tooth making dentine

70
Q

when teeth are replaced many times

A

polyphyodont

71
Q

when teeth are replaced once

A

diphyodont

72
Q

mesial surface

A

front of tooth closest to midline

73
Q

distal side of tooth

A

back of tooth, opposite of mesial

74
Q

labial side of tooth

A

outer, toward the lips

75
Q

occlusal

A

where teeth overlap each other

76
Q

inside of teeth are ___

A

lingual or palatal (upper or lower jaw)

77
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) – between skull & jaw

A wide condylar joint with menisci

Hinge motion allows jaw to open and close

May also allow side-to-side or rostral-to-caudal motion

78
Q

where left and right mandible meet

A

mandibular symphysis

79
Q

dogs do not have a fused mandibular symphysis. True or false

A

true- some motion between left and right mandibles

80
Q

carnivores the occlusal surface is not in line with the TMJ. True or false

A

false

in line. out of line for herbivores

81
Q

jaw adductor muscles

A

temporalis

massester

pterygoids

82
Q

jaw abductor

A

digastricus (close jaw)

83
Q

___ closes jaw by pulling up & back: hinge-like closure on TMJ

A

temporalsis

84
Q

___ closes jaw; can also pull jaw rostrally or laterally at TMJ

A

massester

85
Q

___ close jaw; can also pull jaw rostrally or medially

A

pterygoids

86
Q

why two CN for digastricus

A

developmental biology- two bronchial arches

87
Q

what type of animal has the larges temporalis

A

carnivores (need to slice food)

88
Q

what kind of animal has the largest masseter

A

rodent (gnawing) sideways motion

89
Q

high crowned tooth

A

hypsodont

90
Q

ever growing tooth

A

hypselodont

91
Q

diet is reflected in

A

. Shapes of the animal’s teeth

  1. Position of its TMJ relative to occlusal surface
  2. Relative sizes of its adductor muscles
92
Q

omnivore

teeth, jaw and adductor

A
93
Q

carnivore

teeth, jaw and adductor

A
94
Q

herbivore

teeth, jaw and adductor

A

21 fall: Anatomy (22 decks)

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