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21 fall: Anatomy > Test 2 abdomen > Flashcards

Test 2 abdomen Flashcards

1
Q
A

uterus estrus

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2
Q
A

uterus dietrus

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3
Q
A

ovarian follicle

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

hypaxial muscles

A

flex the spine
ventral to the vertebrae

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6
Q

epaxial muscles

A

extend the spine
dorsal to the vertebrae

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7
Q

what is in the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular
vagosympathetic trunk
lymph trunk

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8
Q

two hypaxial muscles in the neck

A

longus capitis
longus colli

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9
Q

what muscles attach to the nuchal crest?

A

part of sternocephalicus
part of the splenius
complexus

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10
Q

what muscles attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

A

part of sternocephalicus
part of the splenius
longissimus capitis

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11
Q

the arch of the vertebra is made of

A
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12
Q

space where nerves come out of spinal cord

A

intervertebral foramen

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13
Q

ANS break down

A
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14
Q

accessory nerve innervates what neck muscle

A

BOT and sternocephalicus

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15
Q

three main systems of epaxial muscles

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
transversospinalis

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16
Q

iliocostalis system

A

iliocostalis lumborum
iliocostalis thoracis

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17
Q

longissimus system

A

longissimus thoracis et lumborum
longissimus cervicis
longissimus capitis

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18
Q

transversospinalis system

A

transversospinalis
splenius
semispinalis capitis
-biventer cervicis
-complexus

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19
Q

longus capitis

A

transverse process of C1-7
basioccipital bone

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20
Q

longus colli

A

ventral bodies/ transverse process of T6
atlas

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21
Q

iliocostalis lumborum

A

wings of ilium→ lumbar vertebrae and ribs

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22
Q

iliocostalis thoracis

A

12 ribs → transverse process of C7

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23
Q

longissimus thoracis et lumborum

A

crest of ilium → spines of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

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24
Q

longissimus cervicis

A

thoracic vertebrae → transverse processes of C5-7

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25
Q

longissimus capitus

A

T1-3→ mastoid part of the temporal bone

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26
Q

splenius

A

T3→ nuchal crest and mastoid part of the temporal bone

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27
Q

complexus

A

cervical vertebrae → nuchal crest of the occipital

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28
Q

where the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura meet

A

line of pleura reflection

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29
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

scalenus

serratus dorsalis cranialis

external intercostal

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30
Q

muscles of expiration

A

internal intercostals

serratus dorsalis caudalis

transversus thoracics

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31
Q

semispinalis capitis

A

biventer cervicis

complexus

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32
Q

throacic space caudal to the lungs in a horse

A

costo-diaphragmatic recess

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33
Q

head of the rib attaches to what?

tubercle of the rib attaches to what?

A

head= cranial and caudal costal fovae

transverse processes

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34
Q

intercostals get blood from

A

internal thoracic and aorta

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35
Q

lateral thoracic artery and lateral thoracic nerve

A
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36
Q

terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

A

cranial epigastric

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37
Q

muscle on inside of ribs near sternum

A

transversus thoracis

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38
Q

pleura around heart

A

pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura

fibrous pericardium

parietal pericardium

visceral pericardium

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39
Q

space between the two layers of the pleura of the lungs

A

pleural cavity

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40
Q

space between the lungs and the heart

A

mediastinum

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41
Q

pleura around the root of the lung

A

pulmonary ligament

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42
Q

pleura around the caudal vena cava

A

plica venae cavae

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43
Q

plica vena cava

A

pleura around caudal vena cava

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44
Q

what makes T cells and shrinks with age

A

thymus

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45
Q

trachea splits into ___ at the ___

A

primary bronchus

carina

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46
Q

lobes of left lung

A

cranial lobe (cranial and caudal section)

caudal lobe

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46
Q

lobes of left lung

A

cranial lobe (cranial and caudal section)

caudal lobe

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47
Q

lobes of right lung:

A

cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

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48
Q

cardiac notch is on which lung?

A

right (curvature of the lung where the heart is exposed)

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49
Q

curvature of the lung where the heart is exposed

A

cardiac notch of the right lung

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50
Q

aortic impression is found where?

A

left lung

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51
Q

dent in left lung is the?

A

aortic impression

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52
Q

root of the lung

A

bundle of major vessels and bronchi on the lung, found in the hilus of the lung

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53
Q

what are the lymph nodes found by the root of the lung

A

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

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54
Q

branches of the cranial vena cava

A
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55
Q

last vein to branch into the cranial vena cava

A

azygos

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56
Q

___ is a tiny vessel that channels lymph around the body

A

throacic duct

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57
Q

the thoracic duct is the cranial continuation of the ____

A

cisterna chyli

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58
Q

branches of the aorta

A
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59
Q

what nerve supplies the diaphragm

A

phrenic

motor and sensory

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60
Q

middle cervical ganglion splits into

A

ana subclavia and vagus

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61
Q

fibrous pericardium attached to sternum by

A

phrenicopericardial ligament

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62
Q

what is in the pericardial cavity

A

serous fluid

pericardial cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium

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63
Q

main chamber of the right atrium is the ___

A

sinus venarum

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64
Q

structure between the cranial and caudal vena cave to decrease turbulence of blood

A

intervenous tubercle

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65
Q

muscles inside the auricle

A

pectinate muscles

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66
Q

AV valve is found in the __

A

atrioventricular orifice

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67
Q

parts of AV valve

A

parietal cusp and a septal cusp

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68
Q

strings that hold AV flaps in place are ___ that are held in place by ___

A

chordae tendineae

papillary muscles

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69
Q

ventricles have grooves in their walls called

A

trabeculae carneae

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70
Q

moderator band

A

trabecula septomarginalis

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71
Q

right atrium gets smaller before the pulmonary valve, this is the ___

A

conus arteriosus

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72
Q

what is a remanent of the ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

bridge from pulmonary artery to aorta (skip lungs in the fetus)

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73
Q

where do the coronary arteries come from

A

sinus of the aorta

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74
Q

right dominant heart

A

humans and horse (subsinuosal IV groove supplied by Right coronary artery)

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75
Q

vein from front of heart to coronary sinus

A

great

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76
Q

vein from back of heart to coronary sinus

A

middle

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77
Q

splanchnics supply what?

A

The major splanchnic adrenal and ce-
liacomesenteric ganglia and plexuses.

The minor splanchnic nerves adrenal gland, ganglion, and plexus, and they terminate in the celiacomesenteric ganglia and plexus.

The lumbar splanchnic nerves aorticorenal, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.

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78
Q

fight or flight

A

sympathetic

throaco-lumbar

sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerve

synapse at ganglion, far away form target organ

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79
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

cervical sacral

vagus and pelvic

very short postganglionic axons (ganglion usually on organ)

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80
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch around what?

A

left: ligamentum arteriosum of the aorta
right: right subclavian artery

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81
Q

names two functions that are performed by the structure the black arrows point to. The structure is highlighted in the image on the left, which shows the lungs. The lungs have been removed in the image on the right.

A

it separates the thorax from the abdomen and is involved in respiration

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82
Q

What function does the structure tagged in the images below perform?

A

it carries ingested food from the pharynx to the stomach

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83
Q

Which one of the muscles labeled A to D in the image below functions primarily in expiration

A

C : serratus dorsalis caudalis

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84
Q

You are looking at a cranial view of a transection from the thorax from. What is the innervation of the tagged structure?

A

phrenic

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85
Q

parts of the diaphragm

A
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86
Q

What fluid normally flows through the structure indicated the images below?

A

air

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87
Q

What is the function of the structure indicated below?

A

remove carbon dioxide from and add oxygen to blood

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88
Q

What is the function of the structure in the image below?

A

hold the caudal lobe of the left lung in place

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89
Q

The tagged groove marks one end of an internal heart structure. What structure is directly associated with this groove on the heart surface, and what is its function in the heart?

A

interventricular septum, which separates the right and left ventricles

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90
Q

What is the function of #3 in the image below?

A

it carries blood to the body to provide oxygen to the cells

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91
Q

What is the function of # 7 in the image below?

A

it prevents blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium

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92
Q

The structure highlighted in blue and its contralateral fellow return blood to the heart from ___ in all dogs?

A

head, left forelimb, right forelimb

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93
Q

hole in the greater omentum that allows access to the omental bursa

A

epiploic formamen

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94
Q

line between glandular and non glandular in a horse

A

margo plicatus

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95
Q

in horse the spleen is connected to ___ by the ___

A

kidney

renosplenic ligament

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96
Q

fold between ileum and cecum

A

ileocecal fold

97
Q

large intestine vs small

A

sacculations (haustra)

bands (teniae)

98
Q

what side is the cecum on?

A

right side

horse: points cranially
goat: points caudally

99
Q

folds off the cecum

A

ileocecal (ileum and cecum)

cecocolic (cecum and colon)

100
Q

common places of obstruction in horse?

A

pelvic flexure

right dorsal ascending to transverse

101
Q

which part of the colon is sacculated in a horse

A

ventral (right, dia, left)

descending colon

102
Q

the spiral loop of the ascending colon in a goat sits in what?

A

mesojejunum

mesentery of the jejunum

103
Q

cecum shape

A

horse: comma
goat: tubular
dog: spiral

104
Q

spleen ligaments in horse and dog

A

horse: renosplenic and gastrosplenic
dog: gastrosplenic

105
Q

parts of the diaphragm

A

tendinous center

lumbar part

left and right crura

costal part

sternal part

cupula

106
Q

lobes of the liver

A

right medial lobe, right lateral lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe, caudate lobe, caudate process, renal impression, papillary process

107
Q
A
108
Q
A
109
Q

which kidney is lower?

A

left

110
Q

orifices of the colon

A

ileum→ ascending colon = ileocolic orifice

ascending colon → cecum = cecocolic orifice

111
Q

parts of the stomach in dog

A
112
Q

ducts into the duodneum

A
113
Q

what drains into the major duodenal papilla

A

bile duct and pancreatic duct

bile duct= cystic duct from the gallbladder and the hepatic ducts

114
Q

what drains into the minor duodenal papilla

A

accessory pancreatic duct

115
Q

what is the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique?

A

inguinal ligament that terminates on the iliopubic eminence and the prepubic tendon

116
Q

prepubic tendon

A

the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique is the inguinal ligament, it terminates on the iliopubic eminence and the prepubic tendon

117
Q

external abdominal oblique fibers go

A

cranial to ventral

same as the external intercostals

118
Q

vascular lacuna

A

The ventral portion of the inguinal ligament is interposed between the superficial inguinal ring and the vascular lacuna. The vascular lacuna is the base of the femoral triangle, the space that contains the femoral vessels that run to and from the hindlimb. The inguinal ligament thus form part of the cranial border of the vascular lacuna and the caudal border of the inguinal canal

119
Q

inguinal ligament

A

The inguinal ligament form part of the cranial border of the vascular lacuna and the caudal border of the inguinal canal

inguinal ligament is the caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique. It terminates on the iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon. The ventral portion of the ligament is interposed between the superficial inguinal ring and the vascular lacuna

120
Q

attachments of the internal abdominal oblique

A

origin: tuber coxae (part of pelvis)

linea alba

fibers run cranioventrally from the cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib cranial to it

121
Q

inguinal canal

A

the inguinal canal is bounded laterally by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique,craniallyby theinternal abdominal oblique,caudallyby thecaudal border of the external abdominal oblique (the inguinal ligament), andmediallyby thelateral border of the rectus abdominis and by the transversalis fascia and peritoneum.

122
Q

sheath of the rectus abdominus

A

external vs internal

123
Q

lymph nodes at back of horse

A

subiliac lymph nodes

124
Q

spleen is on what side of a horse?

A

left

very big in a horse

125
Q

liver can be seen on what side of a horse?

A

right

126
Q

which kidney sits in the renal fossa of the liver?

A

right

127
Q

what part of the horse colon is tightly fixed to the dorsal wall of the abdomen by a very short mesocolon?

A

transverse colon

128
Q

__ is the curve in the lung where the heart has contract with the chest wall

A

cardiac notch (intercostal 2-3)

129
Q

on the right side of the horse what can you see?

A

cardiac notch

right kidney in the renal impression of the liver

body and base of the cecum

descending duodenum

Rt dorsal and Rt vental ascending colon

130
Q

what can you see on left side of the horse?

A
131
Q
A
132
Q

ascending colon of a horse

A
133
Q

ascending colon of a goat

A
134
Q

renosplenic ligament

A

connects the spleen and the left kidney of a horse

135
Q

4 chambers of the ruminant stomach

A

rumen

reticulum

omasum

abosmasum

136
Q

parts of the rumen stomach on the left

A
137
Q

which side

A

left

(can not see the abomasum)

this is the side where the greater omentum attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen

138
Q

which side?

A

right

(can see the abomasum and omasum)

139
Q

the greater omentum on a goat attaches where

A

on the right side: greater curvature of the abomasum, pylorus, duodenum

on the left side: left longitudinal groove of the rumen

140
Q

how to get into the omental bursa

A

epiploic foramen

141
Q

what part of the rumen stomach is closest to the diaphragm?

A

reticulum (puts it right under the heart- hardwear disease)

142
Q

label the rumen

A
143
Q

what part of the rumen is not covered by the greater omentum?

A

dorsal sac on the left side

144
Q

what side can you see the spleen on the goat

A

left

145
Q

what attaches to the right longitudinal groove of the rumen

A

deep leaf of the greater omentum

146
Q

where does the superficial leaf and the deep leaf of the greater omentum join?

A

caudal groove of the rumen

147
Q

what side of the goat can you see the spiral loop

A

right side

148
Q

what side and what animal

A

left of goat

(can see spiral loop= left side)

149
Q

How does the function performed by structure “A” differ from the function performed by structure “B”? “A” stores bile produced in the liver, and “B” delivers it to the duodenum

A

“A” stores bile produced in the liver, and “B” delivers it to the duodenum

150
Q

What does #12 in the image below do in the living animal?

A

“A” stores bile produced in the liver, and “B” delivers it to the duodenum

151
Q

Why does blood from the gastrointestinal tract drain into the hepatic portal system instead of draining directly into the caudal vena cava?

A

blood from the GI system needs to pass through the liver to be detoxified before being returned to the general circulation

152
Q

Identify the function performed by #4 in the image below

A

calices collect urine from the renal pyramids

153
Q

what animal?

A

dog

ruminant

horse

154
Q

where does gastric digestion take place in a dog?

A

stomach

155
Q

a horse is a ___ fermentor

A

postgastric

156
Q

___ is the main fermentation chamber in the ruminant

A

rumen

157
Q

___ is where glandular digestion takes place in a cow

A

abomasum

158
Q

ruminants are ___ fermentors, Fermentation take place ___ food passes through the glandular stomach

A

pregastric

before

159
Q

another name for anal sac

A

peranal sac

160
Q

mesentery that supports the female repro tract

A
161
Q

ovarian follicle produces what hormone___

A

estrogen

162
Q

after ovarian follicle, ovulates the oocyte it becomes the ___ and produces what hormone ____

A

corpus luteum

progesterone

163
Q

area under the urethra in female ruminants that make it hard to pass urinary cath.

A

suburethral diverticulum

164
Q

area of bladder between ureter entrance and urethra

A

trigone of the bladder

165
Q

cavernous tissue in the walls of the vestibule

A

vestibular bulbs

166
Q

ligament between uterine horns

A

intercornual ligament

167
Q

area around the external cervix

A

fornix of the vagina

168
Q

space between the rectum and the uterus

A

rectogenital pouch

169
Q

space between rectum and body wall

A

pararectal fossa

170
Q

space between the vagina and the bladder

A

vesicogenital

171
Q

the space between the bladder and the abdomen

A

pubovesical pouch

172
Q

in the prostate, bump on the urethral crest

A

colliculus seminalis

173
Q

what flows through the ejaculatory duct?

A

horses and goats: semen, ampullary and vesicular

dogs: semen, ampullary

174
Q

inside the prostate is the ___ with the ___

A

urethral crest

colliculus seminalis

175
Q

horse repro

A
176
Q

horse penis folds

A
177
Q

differences between bull and stallion external genitalia

A

fibroelastic penis

very big and long retractor penis

bulbospongiosus (stops early)

musculocavernous penis

small retractor penis

bulbospongiosus goes almost entire length of penis

178
Q

difference in corpus cavernosum in dog vs stallion

A

stallion

goes all the way

dog

turns into os penis

179
Q

blocked goat is cause by

A

the urethral process very small and spiraled

180
Q

dorsal urethral diverticulum are found in which animal

A

male ruminants

181
Q
A
182
Q

sympathetic trunk comes off the ___

A

ventral branch → communicating ramus

183
Q

nuchal ligament connects to the ___

A

supraspinous ligament

184
Q

branches off the cranial vena cava

A
185
Q

compare vertebrae

A
186
Q

where the spinal nerves come off the vertebrae

A
187
Q

what is this pointing too?

A

costo-diaphragmatic recess

throacic space caudal to the lungs on both sides of the horse

188
Q

muscle of expiration inside the rib cage

A

tranversus throacis

189
Q

outermost layer of the heart pleura

A

pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura

190
Q

right atrium: two parts

A

auricle

sinus venarum

191
Q

right ventricle getting thinner =

A

conus arteriosus

192
Q

internal thoracic artery branches into the ___

A

cranial epigastric artery and superficial epigastric artery

193
Q

splanchnics supply what

A

sympathetic (fight or flight)

194
Q

vascular lacuna

A

where the femoral vein and artery come out

cranial border is the inguinal ligament which is the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique

195
Q

aortic hiatus

A

dorsal passageway between the crura for the aorta, the azygos vein and the thoracic duct

(hole in the diaphragm where the aorta, azygos and thoracic duct do through)

196
Q

caval formamen

A

where the caudal vena cava pass through the diaphragm

(located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular part of the right side of the diaphragm

197
Q

path of digestive in dog

A

cardiac part of the stomach, fundus of the stomach ,body of the stomach, pyloric part of the stomac, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pylorus, duodenum, cranial duodenal flexure, desending part of duodenum, caudal duodenal flexure, ascending part of the duodenum, duodenojejunal flexure, ilecolic orifice, cecocolic orifice, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse, left colic flexure, descending colon, rectum, anus

198
Q

hilus of the kidney

A

indent in kidney where vessels and ureter enter

199
Q

renal pelvis

A

expanded part of the ureter within the kidney

200
Q

renal sinus

A

fat filled space that contains the renal vessels and the surrounds the renal pelvic

201
Q

renal cortex

A

contains the renal corpuscles and convoluted portion of the tubules

outer part of the kidney

202
Q

renal medulla

A

middle/inner part of kidney

203
Q

arcuate branches of the renal vessels

A

The vessels that are apparent at the corticomedullary junction are the arcuate branches of the renal vessels

204
Q

renal crest

A

The longitudinal ridge projecting into the renal pelvis is the renal crest, through which collecting tubules of the kidney excrete urine into the renal pelvis.

205
Q

renal pyramids

A
206
Q

pelvic recesses of the renal pelvis

A
207
Q

right triangular ligament

A

The right triangular ligament extends from the right crus of the diaphragm above the central tendinous part to the right lateral lobe of the liver.

208
Q

left triangular ligament

A

extends from the left crus of the diaphragm to the left lateral lobe of the liver.

209
Q

coronary ligament

A

The coronary ligament is a sheet of peritoneum that passes between the diaphragm and the liver around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins. On the right it is continuous with the right triangular ligament, and on the left it is continuous with the left triangular ligament. Ventrally, right and left parts of the coronary ligament con-
verge to form the falciform ligament.

210
Q

falciform ligament

A

round ligament of the liver

liver to the body

remnant of the umbilical vein

211
Q

horse stomach

A
212
Q

omentum in a ruminant

A
213
Q

space where intestines live in a ruminant

A

supraomental recess

214
Q

males and females both have ____ in the urethra. males only have the ___

A

urethral crest

colliculus seminalis

215
Q

two parts of male glans

A

bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis

216
Q

retractor penis = ___ in females

A

retractor clitoridis muscle

217
Q

transversalis fascia:

A

reinforces the parietal peritoneum and attaches it to the abdominal muscles and diaphragm

218
Q

4 peritoneal reflections:

A
219
Q

folds in urinary bladder

A

rugae

220
Q

paranal sinus is surrounded by the

A

external sphincter muscle

221
Q
A

reticulum

222
Q
A

omasum

fluid absorption

mucosal folds

223
Q

principal brochi branch into ___

A

lobar bronchi

224
Q

lymph nodes near the hilus of the lung

A

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

225
Q

thoracic duct is a continuation of ___

A

cisterna chyli

226
Q

left and right tracheal trunk are ___

A

lymph drainage from the head which will drain into the thoracic duct and then the left brachiocephalic vein into the cranial vena cava

227
Q

post ganglionic sympathetic ganglion will release ___

A

norepinephrine

228
Q

parasympathetic are which CN?

A

3,7,9 and 10

229
Q

difference is post ganglionic substance released between sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic: norepinephrine
par: acetylcholine

230
Q

fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm

A

phrenicopericardial ligament

231
Q

pleura of the abdomen

A

peritoneum

232
Q

connecting peritoneum

A

extends between the parietal and visceral peritoneums and forms a mesentery that suspends the organs of the abdominal cavity and contains their blood vessels and nerves

233
Q

___ reinforces the parietal peritoneum and attaches it to the abdominal muscles and diaphragm

A

transversalis fascia

234
Q

the median ligament of the bladder used to contain what fetal things?

A

urachus and umbilical arteries

235
Q

two parts of the caudate lobe of the liver

A

caudate process (right side has renal impression for R kidney

papillary process (left side -surrounded by the lesser omentum

236
Q

gallbladder is located

A

fossa between the right middle lobe and the quadrate lobe of the liver

237
Q

cystic duct + hepatic ducts =

A

bile duct

238
Q

bile duct is formed by ___ and ___

A

cystic duct from the gallbladder

hepatic ducts from the lobes of the liver

239
Q

most fixed part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

240
Q

where is the left lobe of the pancrease

A

in between the superficial and deep leaf of the great omentum

241
Q

what holds the ductus deferens together near the bladder

A

genital fold

21 fall: Anatomy (22 decks)

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