Test 2 abdomen Flashcards
1
Q
A
uterus estrus
2
Q
A
uterus dietrus
3
Q
A
ovarian follicle
4
Q
A
5
Q
hypaxial muscles
A
flex the spine
ventral to the vertebrae
6
Q
epaxial muscles
A
extend the spine
dorsal to the vertebrae
7
Q
what is in the carotid sheath?
A
common carotid artery
internal jugular
vagosympathetic trunk
lymph trunk
8
Q
two hypaxial muscles in the neck
A
longus capitis
longus colli
9
Q
what muscles attach to the nuchal crest?
A
part of sternocephalicus
part of the splenius
complexus
10
Q
what muscles attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
A
part of sternocephalicus
part of the splenius
longissimus capitis
11
Q
the arch of the vertebra is made of
A
12
Q
space where nerves come out of spinal cord
A
intervertebral foramen
13
Q
ANS break down
A
14
Q
accessory nerve innervates what neck muscle
A
BOT and sternocephalicus
15
Q
three main systems of epaxial muscles
A
iliocostalis
longissimus
transversospinalis
16
Q
iliocostalis system
A
iliocostalis lumborum
iliocostalis thoracis
17
Q
longissimus system
A
longissimus thoracis et lumborum
longissimus cervicis
longissimus capitis
18
Q
transversospinalis system
A
transversospinalis
splenius
semispinalis capitis
-biventer cervicis
-complexus
19
Q
longus capitis
A
transverse process of C1-7
basioccipital bone
20
Q
longus colli
A
ventral bodies/ transverse process of T6
atlas
21
Q
iliocostalis lumborum
A
wings of ilium→ lumbar vertebrae and ribs
22
Q
iliocostalis thoracis
A
12 ribs → transverse process of C7
23
Q
longissimus thoracis et lumborum
A
crest of ilium → spines of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
24
Q
longissimus cervicis
A
thoracic vertebrae → transverse processes of C5-7
25
longissimus capitus
T1-3→ mastoid part of the temporal bone
26
splenius
T3→ nuchal crest and mastoid part of the temporal bone
27
complexus
cervical vertebrae → nuchal crest of the occipital
28
where the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura meet
line of pleura reflection
29
muscles of inspiration
scalenus
serratus dorsalis cranialis
external intercostal
30
muscles of expiration
internal intercostals
serratus dorsalis caudalis
transversus thoracics
31
semispinalis capitis
biventer cervicis
complexus
32
throacic space caudal to the lungs in a horse
costo-diaphragmatic recess
33
head of the rib attaches to what?
tubercle of the rib attaches to what?
head= cranial and caudal costal fovae
transverse processes
34
intercostals get blood from
internal thoracic and aorta
35
lateral thoracic artery and lateral thoracic nerve
36
terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery
cranial epigastric
37
muscle on inside of ribs near sternum
transversus thoracis
38
pleura around heart
pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
39
space between the two layers of the pleura of the lungs
pleural cavity
40
space between the lungs and the heart
mediastinum
41
pleura around the root of the lung
pulmonary ligament
42
pleura around the caudal vena cava
plica venae cavae
43
plica vena cava
pleura around caudal vena cava
44
what makes T cells and shrinks with age
thymus
45
trachea splits into ___ at the \_\_\_
primary bronchus
carina
46
lobes of left lung
cranial lobe (cranial and caudal section)
caudal lobe
46
lobes of left lung
cranial lobe (cranial and caudal section)
caudal lobe
47
lobes of right lung:
cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
48
cardiac notch is on which lung?
right (curvature of the lung where the heart is exposed)
49
curvature of the lung where the heart is exposed
cardiac notch of the right lung
50
aortic impression is found where?
left lung
51
dent in left lung is the?
aortic impression
52
root of the lung
bundle of major vessels and bronchi on the lung, found in the hilus of the lung
53
what are the lymph nodes found by the root of the lung
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
54
branches of the cranial vena cava
55
last vein to branch into the cranial vena cava
azygos
56
\_\_\_ is a tiny vessel that channels lymph around the body
throacic duct
57
the thoracic duct is the cranial continuation of the \_\_\_\_
cisterna chyli
58
branches of the aorta
59
what nerve supplies the diaphragm
phrenic
motor and sensory
60
middle cervical ganglion splits into
ana subclavia and vagus
61
fibrous pericardium attached to sternum by
phrenicopericardial ligament
62
what is in the pericardial cavity
serous fluid
pericardial cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium
63
main chamber of the right atrium is the \_\_\_
sinus venarum
64
structure between the cranial and caudal vena cave to decrease turbulence of blood
intervenous tubercle
65
muscles inside the auricle
pectinate muscles
66
AV valve is found in the \_\_
atrioventricular orifice
67
parts of AV valve
parietal cusp and a septal cusp
68
strings that hold AV flaps in place are ___ that are held in place by \_\_\_
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
69
ventricles have grooves in their walls called
trabeculae carneae
70
moderator band
trabecula septomarginalis
71
right atrium gets smaller before the pulmonary valve, this is the \_\_\_
conus arteriosus
72
what is a remanent of the ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum
bridge from pulmonary artery to aorta (skip lungs in the fetus)
73
where do the coronary arteries come from
sinus of the aorta
74
right dominant heart
humans and horse (subsinuosal IV groove supplied by Right coronary artery)
75
vein from front of heart to coronary sinus
great
76
vein from back of heart to coronary sinus
middle
77
splanchnics supply what?
The **major splanchnic** adrenal and ce-
liacomesenteric ganglia and plexuses.
The **minor splanchnic nerves** adrenal gland, ganglion, and plexus, and they terminate in the celiacomesenteric ganglia and plexus.
The **lumbar splanchnic nerves** aorticorenal, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.
78
fight or flight
sympathetic
throaco-lumbar
sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerve
synapse at ganglion, far away form target organ
79
rest and digest
parasympathetic
cervical sacral
vagus and pelvic
very short postganglionic axons (ganglion usually on organ)
80
recurrent laryngeal branch around what?
left: ligamentum arteriosum of the aorta
right: right subclavian artery
81
names two functions that are performed by the structure the black arrows point to. The structure is highlighted in the image on the left, which shows the lungs. The lungs have been removed in the image on the right.
it separates the thorax from the abdomen and is involved in respiration
82
What function does the structure tagged in the images below perform?
it carries ingested food from the pharynx to the stomach
83
Which one of the muscles labeled A to D in the image below functions primarily in expiration
C : serratus dorsalis caudalis
84
You are looking at a cranial view of a transection from the thorax from. What is the innervation of the tagged structure?
phrenic
85
parts of the diaphragm
86
What fluid normally flows through the structure indicated the images below?
air
87
What is the function of the structure indicated below?
remove carbon dioxide from and add oxygen to blood
88
What is the function of the structure in the image below?
hold the caudal lobe of the left lung in place
89
The tagged groove marks one end of an internal heart structure. What structure is directly associated with this groove on the heart surface, and what is its function in the heart?
interventricular septum, which separates the right and left ventricles
90
What is the function of #3 in the image below?
it carries blood to the body to provide oxygen to the cells
91
What is the function of # 7 in the image below?
it prevents blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium
92
The structure highlighted in blue and its contralateral fellow return blood to the heart from ___ in _all_ dogs?
head, left forelimb, right forelimb
93
hole in the greater omentum that allows access to the omental bursa
epiploic formamen
94
line between glandular and non glandular in a horse
margo plicatus
95
in horse the spleen is connected to ___ by the \_\_\_
kidney
renosplenic ligament
96
fold between ileum and cecum
ileocecal fold
97
large intestine vs small
sacculations (haustra)
bands (teniae)
98
what side is the cecum on?
right side
horse: points cranially
goat: points caudally
99
folds off the cecum
ileocecal (ileum and cecum)
cecocolic (cecum and colon)
100
common places of obstruction in horse?
pelvic flexure
right dorsal ascending to transverse
101
which part of the colon is sacculated in a horse
ventral (right, dia, left)
descending colon
102
the spiral loop of the ascending colon in a goat sits in what?
mesojejunum
mesentery of the jejunum
103
cecum shape
horse: comma
goat: tubular
dog: spiral
104
spleen ligaments in horse and dog
horse: renosplenic and gastrosplenic
dog: gastrosplenic
105
parts of the diaphragm
tendinous center
lumbar part
left and right crura
costal part
sternal part
cupula
106
lobes of the liver
right medial lobe, right lateral lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe, caudate lobe, caudate process, renal impression, papillary process
107
108
109
which kidney is lower?
left
110
orifices of the colon
ileum→ ascending colon = ileocolic orifice
ascending colon → cecum = cecocolic orifice
111
parts of the stomach in dog
112
ducts into the duodneum
113
what drains into the major duodenal papilla
bile duct and pancreatic duct
bile duct= cystic duct from the gallbladder and the hepatic ducts
114
what drains into the minor duodenal papilla
accessory pancreatic duct
115
what is the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique?
inguinal ligament that terminates on the iliopubic eminence and the prepubic tendon
116
prepubic tendon
the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique is the inguinal ligament, it terminates on the iliopubic eminence and the prepubic tendon
117
external abdominal oblique fibers go
cranial to ventral
same as the external intercostals
118
vascular lacuna
The ventral portion of the inguinal ligament is interposed between the superficial inguinal ring and the vascular lacuna. The vascular lacuna is the base of the femoral triangle, the space that contains the femoral vessels that run to and from the hindlimb. The inguinal ligament thus form part of the cranial border of the vascular lacuna and the caudal border of the inguinal canal
119
inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament form part of the cranial border of the vascular lacuna and the caudal border of the inguinal canal
inguinal ligament is the caudal border of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique. It terminates on the iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon. The ventral portion of the ligament is interposed between the superficial inguinal ring and the vascular lacuna
120
attachments of the internal abdominal oblique
origin: tuber coxae (part of pelvis)
linea alba
fibers run cranioventrally from the cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib cranial to it
121
inguinal canal
the inguinal canal is bounded **laterally** by the aponeurosis of the **external abdominal oblique,****cranially**by the**internal abdominal oblique**,**caudally**by the**caudal border of the external abdominal oblique (the inguinal ligament**), and**medially**by the**lateral border of the rectus abdominis** and by the transversalis fascia and peritoneum.
122
sheath of the rectus abdominus
external vs internal
123
lymph nodes at back of horse
subiliac lymph nodes
124
spleen is on what side of a horse?
left
very big in a horse
125
liver can be seen on what side of a horse?
right
126
which kidney sits in the renal fossa of the liver?
right
127
what part of the horse colon is tightly fixed to the dorsal wall of the abdomen by a very short mesocolon?
transverse colon
128
\_\_ is the curve in the lung where the heart has contract with the chest wall
cardiac notch (intercostal 2-3)
129
on the right side of the horse what can you see?
cardiac notch
right kidney in the renal impression of the liver
body and base of the cecum
descending duodenum
Rt dorsal and Rt vental ascending colon
130
what can you see on left side of the horse?
131
132
ascending colon of a horse
133
ascending colon of a goat
134
renosplenic ligament
connects the spleen and the left kidney of a horse
135
4 chambers of the ruminant stomach
rumen
reticulum
omasum
abosmasum
136
parts of the rumen stomach on the left
137
which side
left
(can not see the abomasum)
this is the side where the greater omentum attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen
138
which side?
right
| (can see the abomasum and omasum)
139
the greater omentum on a goat attaches where
on the right side: greater curvature of the abomasum, pylorus, duodenum
on the left side: left longitudinal groove of the rumen
140
how to get into the omental bursa
epiploic foramen
141
what part of the rumen stomach is closest to the diaphragm?
reticulum (puts it right under the heart- hardwear disease)
142
label the rumen
143
what part of the rumen is not covered by the greater omentum?
dorsal sac on the left side
144
what side can you see the spleen on the goat
left
145
what attaches to the right longitudinal groove of the rumen
deep leaf of the greater omentum
146
where does the superficial leaf and the deep leaf of the greater omentum join?
caudal groove of the rumen
147
what side of the goat can you see the spiral loop
right side
148
what side and what animal
left of goat
| (can see spiral loop= left side)
149
How does the function performed by structure "A" differ from the function performed by structure "B"? "A" stores bile produced in the liver, and "B" delivers it to the duodenum
"A" stores bile produced in the liver, and "B" delivers it to the duodenum
150
What does #12 in the image below do in the living animal?
"A" stores bile produced in the liver, and "B" delivers it to the duodenum
151
Why does blood from the gastrointestinal tract drain into the hepatic portal system instead of draining directly into the caudal vena cava?
blood from the GI system needs to pass through the liver to be detoxified before being returned to the general circulation
152
Identify the function performed by #4 in the image below
calices collect urine from the renal pyramids
153
what animal?
dog
ruminant
horse
154
where does gastric digestion take place in a dog?
stomach
155
a horse is a ___ fermentor
postgastric
156
\_\_\_ is the main fermentation chamber in the ruminant
rumen
157
\_\_\_ is where glandular digestion takes place in a cow
abomasum
158
ruminants are ___ fermentors, Fermentation take place ___ food passes through the glandular stomach
pregastric
before
159
another name for anal sac
peranal sac
160
mesentery that supports the female repro tract
161
ovarian follicle produces what hormone\_\_\_
estrogen
162
after ovarian follicle, ovulates the oocyte it becomes the ___ and produces what hormone \_\_\_\_
corpus luteum
progesterone
163
area under the urethra in female ruminants that make it hard to pass urinary cath.
suburethral diverticulum
164
area of bladder between ureter entrance and urethra
trigone of the bladder
165
cavernous tissue in the walls of the vestibule
vestibular bulbs
166
ligament between uterine horns
intercornual ligament
167
area around the external cervix
fornix of the vagina
168
space between the rectum and the uterus
rectogenital pouch
169
space between rectum and body wall
pararectal fossa
170
space between the vagina and the bladder
vesicogenital
171
the space between the bladder and the abdomen
pubovesical pouch
172
in the prostate, bump on the urethral crest
colliculus seminalis
173
what flows through the ejaculatory duct?
horses and goats: semen, ampullary and vesicular
dogs: semen, ampullary
174
inside the prostate is the ___ with the \_\_\_
urethral crest
colliculus seminalis
175
horse repro
176
horse penis folds
177
differences between bull and stallion external genitalia
**fibroelastic penis**
very big and long retractor penis
bulbospongiosus (stops early)
**musculocavernous penis**
small retractor penis
bulbospongiosus goes almost entire length of penis
178
difference in corpus cavernosum in dog vs stallion
**stallion**
goes all the way
**dog**
turns into os penis
179
blocked goat is cause by
the urethral process very small and spiraled
180
dorsal urethral diverticulum are found in which animal
male ruminants
181
182
sympathetic trunk comes off the \_\_\_
ventral branch → communicating ramus
183
nuchal ligament connects to the \_\_\_
supraspinous ligament
184
branches off the cranial vena cava
185
compare vertebrae
186
where the spinal nerves come off the vertebrae
187
what is this pointing too?
costo-diaphragmatic recess
throacic space caudal to the lungs on both sides of the horse
188
muscle of expiration inside the rib cage
tranversus throacis
189
outermost layer of the heart pleura
pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura
190
right atrium: two parts
auricle
sinus venarum
191
right ventricle getting thinner =
conus arteriosus
192
internal thoracic artery branches into the \_\_\_
cranial epigastric artery and superficial epigastric artery
193
splanchnics supply what
sympathetic (fight or flight)
194
vascular lacuna
where the femoral vein and artery come out
cranial border is the inguinal ligament which is the caudal border of the external abdominal oblique
195
aortic hiatus
dorsal passageway between the crura for the aorta, the azygos vein and the thoracic duct
(hole in the diaphragm where the aorta, azygos and thoracic duct do through)
196
caval formamen
where the caudal vena cava pass through the diaphragm
(located at the junction of the tendinous and muscular part of the right side of the diaphragm
197
path of digestive in dog
cardiac part of the stomach, fundus of the stomach ,body of the stomach, pyloric part of the stomac, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pylorus, duodenum, cranial duodenal flexure, desending part of duodenum, caudal duodenal flexure, ascending part of the duodenum, duodenojejunal flexure, ilecolic orifice, cecocolic orifice, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse, left colic flexure, descending colon, rectum, anus
198
hilus of the kidney
indent in kidney where vessels and ureter enter
199
renal pelvis
expanded part of the ureter within the kidney
200
renal sinus
fat filled space that contains the renal vessels and the surrounds the renal pelvic
201
renal cortex
contains the renal corpuscles and convoluted portion of the tubules
outer part of the kidney
202
renal medulla
middle/inner part of kidney
203
arcuate branches of the renal vessels
The vessels that are apparent at the corticomedullary junction are the arcuate branches of the renal vessels
204
renal crest
The longitudinal ridge projecting into the renal pelvis is the renal crest, through which collecting tubules of the kidney excrete urine into the renal pelvis.
205
renal pyramids
206
pelvic recesses of the renal pelvis
207
right triangular ligament
The **right triangular ligament** extends from the right crus of the diaphragm above the central tendinous part to the right lateral lobe of the liver.
208
left triangular ligament
extends from the left crus of the diaphragm to the left lateral lobe of the liver.
209
coronary ligament
The coronary ligament is a sheet of peritoneum that passes between the diaphragm and the liver around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins. On the right it is continuous with the right triangular ligament, and on the left it is continuous with the left triangular ligament. Ventrally, right and left parts of the coronary ligament con-
verge to form the falciform ligament.
210
falciform ligament
round ligament of the liver
liver to the body
remnant of the umbilical vein
211
horse stomach
212
omentum in a ruminant
213
space where intestines live in a ruminant
supraomental recess
214
males and females both have ____ in the urethra. males only have the \_\_\_
urethral crest
colliculus seminalis
215
two parts of male glans
bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis
216
retractor penis = ___ in females
retractor **clitoridis** muscle
217
transversalis fascia:
reinforces the parietal peritoneum and attaches it to the abdominal muscles and diaphragm
218
4 peritoneal reflections:
219
folds in urinary bladder
rugae
220
paranal sinus is surrounded by the
external sphincter muscle
221
reticulum
222
omasum
fluid absorption
mucosal folds
223
principal brochi branch into \_\_\_
lobar bronchi
224
lymph nodes near the hilus of the lung
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
225
thoracic duct is a continuation of \_\_\_
cisterna chyli
226
left and right tracheal trunk are \_\_\_
lymph drainage from the head which will drain into the thoracic duct and then the left brachiocephalic vein into the cranial vena cava
227
post ganglionic sympathetic ganglion will release \_\_\_
norepinephrine
228
parasympathetic are which CN?
3,7,9 and 10
229
difference is post ganglionic substance released between sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic: norepinephrine
par: acetylcholine
230
fibrous pericardium to the sternum and diaphragm
phrenicopericardial ligament
231
pleura of the abdomen
peritoneum
232
connecting peritoneum
extends between the parietal and visceral peritoneums and forms a mesentery that suspends the organs of the abdominal cavity and contains their blood vessels and nerves
233
\_\_\_ reinforces the parietal peritoneum and attaches it to the abdominal muscles and diaphragm
transversalis fascia
234
the median ligament of the bladder used to contain what fetal things?
urachus and umbilical arteries
235
two parts of the caudate lobe of the liver
caudate process (right side has renal impression for R kidney
papillary process (left side -surrounded by the lesser omentum
236
gallbladder is located
fossa between the right middle lobe and the quadrate lobe of the liver
237
cystic duct + hepatic ducts =
bile duct
238
bile duct is formed by ___ and \_\_\_
cystic duct from the gallbladder
hepatic ducts from the lobes of the liver
239
most fixed part of the small intestine
duodenum
240
where is the left lobe of the pancrease
in between the superficial and deep leaf of the great omentum
241
what holds the ductus deferens together near the bladder
genital fold
