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21 fall: Anatomy > Lecture 6 Hoof > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Hoof Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four layers of epidermis

A

stratum corneum (keratin)
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale (germinal layer)

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2
Q

the epidermis is ___

A

avascular

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3
Q

The dermis or ___ is ___

A

corium

well vascularized and innervated

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4
Q

Three layers of skin

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

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5
Q

papillea may be merged into linear structures called

A

laminae

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6
Q

three parts of the horn

A

insensitive, keratinized, horn proper (stratum corneum)

supportive dermis

sensitive bone core

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7
Q

two parts of horn proper

A

tubular keratinized tissue

intertubular keratinized tissue

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8
Q

Horns can be filed because it does not damage what part of the horn?

A

the living core

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9
Q

Dehorning is considered a surgical procedure because it

A

removes the living core

frontal sinus extends into the bony core

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10
Q

how is a horn different from antlers

A 
Horns: 
permanent
seen in both sexes
specialized keratinized structure
bovidae family
internal blood supply
usually not branched
Antlers:
shed yearly
only in males
bone
cervidae family (deer)
external blood supply (velvet)
branched
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11
Q

another name for nail, claw or hoof

A

ungual

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12
Q

fingernails are

A

keratinized layer of epidermis that forms a similar structure to what is under it

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13
Q

walking on flat foot

A

plantigrade

humans

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14
Q

walking on digits

A

digitigrade

dogs

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15
Q

Walking on one digit

A

unguligrade

horse

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16
Q

what is the part of P3 that allows the nail to “slide”

A

sensitive lamellar dermis

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17
Q

germinal epidermis is at what end of P3

A

base

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18
Q

what is the sole of a claw

A

softer flaky, non tubular keratinized material elaborated from the sole epidermis, which is supported by sole dermis (corium)

distal part of claw that is sealed off

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19
Q

horse

junction of the skin and hoof

A

coronary band or coronet

cuticle

20
Q

horse:

what is the wall of the hoof

A

hard structure (25% water) made up of tubular and intertubular keratinized tissue, often pigmented

toe, quarters, heel and bars

21
Q

the wall of the hoof is divided into

A

toe
quarters
heel
bars

22
Q

horse:

sole in the hoof

A

softer than wall (33% water), located at ground surface of hoof (but normally does not make ground contact) also made of tubular and intertubular keratinized tissue

23
Q

Horse

Frog

A

triangular structure which makes contract with ground (50% water) it is analogous to the digital pad of the dog. it consist only of tubular keratinized tissue

24
Q

Horse

white line

A

a light layer at the junction of the wall and the sole as seen from the solar surface

25
Q

three layers of hoof wall

A

external
middle
internal

26
Q

describe external layer of hoof wall

A

stratum externum

ring of soft, non pigmented tubular keratinized tissue which forms a the junction of the skin and and hoof wall (similar to human cuticle-coronary band )

extends less than an inch distally over the middle layer(stratum medium) except at the bulbs of the heels where it is more extensive

27
Q

describe middle layer of hoof wall

A

stratum medium

majority of the hoof wall thickness and is composed of hard tubular and intertubular keratinized tissue

28
Q

describe internal layer of hoof wall

A

stratum internum

insensitive laminae
most internal layer of the hoof wall, layer of parallel sheets of unpigmented keratinized tissue that interdigitate with the sensitive laminae (dermis or corium which is attached to PIII)

as the hoof wall grows distally (from the coronary band region), the insensitive laminae (internal layer) slide between and there past the sensitive, stationary laminae attached to PIII

29
Q

hoof wall

A

source is the germinal apidermis, located at the coronary band

grows 1 cm/ month

30
Q

human finger nail grows

A

0.5 mm/ week

31
Q

attachment tissue

A

dermis (corium) with its epithelial (thin) coverings

  1. intimately attached to the periosteum of P111
  2. vascular and innervated (therefore sensitive)
  3. covering epithelium may be active or inactive (normal state) depending on location and pathologic condition
32
Q

laminar dermis of attachment tissues

A

covers the dorsal surface of PIII has a thin covering of epidermal cells, which tear off and therefore allow the hoof to grow past it. it normally produced only a small amount of keratinized tissue

33
Q

attachment tissue: solar surface

A

significant amount of keratinized tissue proliferation, which wears off or is trimmed off by the farrier

34
Q

person who shoes a horse

A

farrier

35
Q

4 major zones of epithelial growth in hoof

A

coronary
laminar
sole
frog

36
Q

describe coronary zone of hoof

A

papillate, actively growing, where the entire hoof wall grows from

located in the region of the coronary band, growth is directed distally (1 cm/ month)

37
Q

describe laminar zone of hoof

A

sensitive laminae

does not normal produce any significant amount of keratinized tissue.

firmly attached to the dorsal aspect of P111

38
Q

describe sole zone of hoof

A

ob the solar surface of P111

39
Q

describe frog zone of hoof

A

overlies the digital cushion and is located between the cartilages of the hoof

40
Q

epidermis and dermis can be in what shapes

A

smooth
papillae
linear (laminae)

41
Q

toe and white line

A

toe and white line

42
Q

quarter and apex of frog

A

quarter and apex of frog

43
Q

heel and wall

A

heel and wall

44
Q

bulbs and sole

A

bulbs and sole

45
Q

central sulcus of frog + collateral sulcus of frog

A

central sulcus of frog + collateral sulcus of frog

46
Q

angle of wall and bars

A

angle of wall and bars

21 fall: Anatomy (22 decks)

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