back leg muscles Flashcards
Popliteus
Origin: the lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: the proximal third of the caudal surface of the tibia
Action: to rotate the leg medially
Innervation: tibial nerve
(wraps around back)
Deep Digital Flexor
Lateral and Medial Head
Origin: the caudal aspect of the proximal two thirds of the tibia, the proximal half of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: the flexor tubercle on the plantar surface of the base of each of the distal phalanges
Action: to flex the digits and extend the tarsal joints
Innervation: tibial nerve
Superficial digital flexor
Origin: the lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
Insertion: the tuber calcanei and the bases of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV and V
Action: to flex the first two digital joints of the four principal digits; flex the stifle joint; extend the tarsal joints
Innervation: tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
Insertion: the proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcanei
Action: to extend the tarsal joints and flex the stifle joint
Innervation: tibial nerve
Fibularis Longus
Origin: the lateral condyle of the tibia the proximal end of the fibula and the lateral epicondyle of the femur by means of the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle
Insertion: the fourth tarsal bone; the plantar aspect of the base of the metatarsals
Action: to flex the tarsal joints and rotate the paw medially so that the plantar surface faces laterally (pronator)
Innervation: common fibular nerve
Long Digital Extensor
Origin: the extensor fossa of the femur
Insertion: the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV and V
Action: to extend the digital joints and flex the tarsal joints
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Cranial Tibial
Origin: the extensor groove and the adjacent articular margin of the tibia; the lateral edge of the cranial tibial border
Insertion: the plantar surface of the base of metatarsals 1 and 2
Action: to flex the tarsocrural joint and to rotate the paw laterally so that the plantar surface faces medially (supinator)
Innervation: fibular nerve
Iliopsoas
Iliacus
Origin: cranioventral ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: to flex the hip joint
Innervation: ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves; femoral nerve
Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Origin: lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: to flex the hip joint
Innervation: ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves; femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris
vastus medialis
Origin: proximal femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action: to extend the stifle joint
Innervation: femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis
Origin: proximal femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action: to extend the stifle joint
Innervation: femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris
vastus intermedius
Origin: proximal femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action: to extend the stifle joint
Innervation: femoral nerve
Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris
Origin: ilium cranial to the acetabulum
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Action: to extend the stifle joint and flex the hip joint
Innervation: femoral nerve
External Obturator
Origin: ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
Insertion: the trochanteric fossa
Action: to rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint
Innervation: obturator nerve
Quadratus Femoris
Origin: the ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest
Action: to extend the hip joint and rotate the pelvic limb laterally
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Gemelli
Origin: the lateral surface of the ischium, caudal to the acetabulum and ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch
Insertion: the trochanteric fossa
Action: to rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Internal Obturator
Origin: the symphysis pelvis and the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis
Insertion: the trochanteric fossa of the femur
Action: to rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Deep Gluteal
Origin: the body of the ilium; the ischiatic spine
Insertion: the cranial aspect of the greater trochanter
Action: to extend and abduct the hip joint and to rotate the pelvic limb medially
Innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
Middle Gluteal
Origin: the crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
Insertion: the greater trochanter
Action: to extend and abduct the hip joint and to rotate the pelvic limb medially
Innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
Superficial Gluteal
Origin: the lateral border of the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, partly by means of the sacrotuberous ligament; the cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of the deep gluteal fascia
Insertion: the third trochanter
Action: to extend the hip joint and abduct the limb
Innervation: caudal gluteal nerve
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Origin: the tuber coxae and adjacent part of the ilium; the aponeurosis of the middle gluteal muscle
Insertion: the lateral femoral fascia
Action: to tense the lateral femoral fascia, flex the hip joint and extend the stifle joint
Innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
Adductor
Origin: the entire pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon, the adjacent part of the ischiatic arch, and the ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
Insertion: the entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
Action: to adduct the limb and extend the hip joint
Innervation: obturator nerve
Pectineus
Origin: from the iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon
Insertion: the distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
Action: to adduct the limb
Innervation: obturator nerve
Gracilis
Origin: the pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon
Insertion: the cranial border of the tibia and with the biceps femoris and semitendinosus, the tuber calcanei
Action: to adduct the limb, flex the stifle joint, and extend the hip and tarsal joints
Innervation: obturator nerve
sartorius
caudal and cranial parts
Origin: the cranial ventral iliac spine and the adjacent ventral border of the ilium (cranial part- the crest of the ilium and the thoracolumbar fasica)
Insertion: the cranial border of the tibia, in common with the gracilis (cranial part- patella in common with the rectus femoris)
Action: to flex the hip joint. cranial part extends the stifle caudal part: flex the stifle
Innervation: femoral nerve (saphenous)
Semimembranosus
Origin: the ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia
Action: to extend the hip joint. the part that attaches to the femur extends the stifle joint, the part that attached to the tibia flexes or extends the stifle depending on the position of the limb.
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: distocranial border of the tibia. the medial surface of the body of the tibia and the tuber calcanei by means of the crural fascia
Action: to extend the hip joint, flex the stifle joint and extend the tarsal joints
Innervation: sciatic nerve
biceps femoris
Origin: sacrotuberous ligament and the ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: by means of the fascia late and crural fascia to the patella, patellar ligament, and cranial border of the tibia; by means of the crural fascia to the subcutaneous part of the tibial body; tuber calcanei
Action: to extend the hip, stifle and tarsal joints. The caudal part of the muscle flexes the stifle joint
Innervation: sciatic nerve
