Test 3 Questions Flashcards
Which process is not a function of the respiratory system?
A) transport of respiratory gases in blood plasma
B) internal respiration
C) pulmonary ventilation
D) exchange of respiratory gases
A) transport of respiratory gases in blood plasma
The walls of the alveoli are composed of type I and II cells. What is the function of type II cells?
A) type II cells function to produce and secrete mucus
B) type II cells function to provide structure to the respiratory membrane
C) type II cells function to produce and secrete surfactant
D) type II cells function to phagocytize infectious microbes
C) type II cells function to produce and secrete surfactant
During inhalation, air enters the lungs as lung volume increases. Why does air move into the lungs?
A) inhalation causes intraplural pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure
B) inhalation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be greater than atmospheric pressure
C) inhalation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure
D) inhalation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be equal to atmospheric pressure
C) inhalation causes intrapulmonary pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure
Although exhalation is a passive process, it depends in two factors. What two factors govern exhalation?
A) concentration of carbon dioxide rich air in the alveoli
B) recoil action of elastic fibers in the lungs and surface tension caused by attraction of alveolar fluid molecules
C) contraction of respiratory muscles during inhalation and lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall
D) expansion of elastic fibers during inhalation and repelling action of surfactant molecules in alveolar fluid
B) recoil action of elastic fibers in the lungs and surface tension caused by attraction of alveolar fluid molecules
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ___.
A) pressure within the pleural cavity
B) pressure exerted by the atmosphere surrounding the body
C) negative pressure in the pleural cavity
D) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
D) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ___.
A) decreasing surface tension of the alveolar fluid by interfering with the attraction of water molecules
B) facilitating gas exchange across the respiratory membrane
C) protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations
D) increasing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid by attracting water molecules together
A) decreasing surface tension of the alveolar fluid by interfering with the attraction of water molecules
Which factor governs the exchange of gases during external respiration?
A) gas solubility in water
B) partial pressure gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) molecular size and weight of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) temperature of inhaled air and capillary blood
B) partial pressure gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide
How is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged across the respiratory membrane and cell membrane?
A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) osmosis
B) diffusion
Which statement is TRUE about the pharynx?
A) the oropharynx is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) the nasopharynx functions to receive air from the Eustachian tube to equalize air pressure in the middle ear
C) the laryngopharynx functions only as a passageway for air to enter the trachea
D) the laryngopharynx is covered by the epiglottis during swallowing
B) the nasopharynx functions to receive air from the Eustachian tube to equalize air pressure in the middle ear
Which structures provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange in the lungs?
A) alveolar sacs
B) alveolar ducts
C) respiratory bronchioles
D) alveoli
D) alveoli
What structures compose the respiratory membranes located in the lungs?
A) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
B) simple squamous epithelium of alveoli and endothelium of capillary walls
C) alveolar sacs
D) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
B) simple squamous epithelium of alveoli and endothelium of capillary walls
What factors are responsible for creating the force that allows the lungs to remain open and close to the thoracic wall?
A) pressure and volume changes that occur during inhalation and exhalation
B) surface tension of the pleural fluid and negative intrapleural pressure
C) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
D) elastic connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue of the lungs
B) surface tension of the pleural fluid and negative intrapleural pressure
Inhaled particulate matter, such as dust, is trapped via the ___, which prevents its entry into the lungs.
A) mucus secreted by the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) receptors of the olfactory epithelilum
C) non-keratinized stratified columnar epithelium
D) swinging action of the uvula
A) mucus secreted by the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which process is NOT a function of the kidneys and urinary system?
A) maintains homeostasis by regulating blood composition and volume
B) produces urine to excrete metabolic waste from the body
C) maintains blood osmolarity
D) eliminates carbon dioxide and solid, undigested waste products from the body
D) eliminates carbon dioxide and solid, undigested waste products from the body
Identify the correct pathway of filtrate and urine flow through the urinary system:
A) nephron > renal pelvis > urethra > urinary bladder
B) nephron > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder
C) glomerulus > renal pelvis > urethra > urinary bladder
D) nephron > renal pelvis > urinary bladder > ureter
B) nephron > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder
Water permeability and re-absorption via the cells of the collecting duct are due to an ___.
A) increase in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone
B) decrease in secretion of antidiuretic hormone
C) increase in the secretion of aldosterone
D) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma
A) increase in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Which statement is FALSE regarding the tissue layers surrounding the kidneys?
A) the adipose capsule secures the location of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity
B) the renal capsule is composed of loose connective tissue
C) the renal capsule is the innermost tissue layer that functions to protect the kidney
D) the renal fascia anchors the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall
B) the renal capsule is composed of loose connective tissue
Glomerular filtration is governed by ___, which pushes solutes and water across the filtration membrane.
A) the thickness of the glomerular endothelilum and basement membrane
B) net filtration pressure
C) the size and function of the podocytes
D) the diameter of the fenestrations in the capillary wall
B) net filtration pressure
The filtration membrane, located in the renal corpuscle, includes all of the structures EXCEPT:
A) glomerular endothelium
B) parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule
C) foot processes of the podocytes
D) basement membrane of glomerulus
B) parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule
Water re-absorption by the cells of the loop of Henle occurs via ___.
A) osmosis
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport in the presence of aldosterone
D) transcellular movement in the presence of antidiuretic hormone
A) osmosis
Which statement is TRUE regarding ion re-absorption by the cells of the collecting duct?
A) ions are only passively reabsorbed by the cells of the collecting duct
B) ion re-absorption does not occur at the level of the collecting duct as this completed at the loop of Henle
C) Aldosterone governs the re-absorption of sodium ions at the level of the collecting duct
D) ion re-absorption increases as the density of aquaporins increase in the cells of the collecting duct
C) Aldosterone governs the re-absorption of sodium ions at the level of the collecting duct
What would be the effect on filtration rate if the capsular hydrostatic pressure increased above normal?
A) net filtration pressure would not change, so the filtration rate would not be affected
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure would decrease, which would decrease the filtration rate
C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure and glomerular colloid osmotic pressure would equalize preventing filtration
D) glomerular hydrostatic pressure would increase, which would increase the filtration rate
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure would decrease, which would decrease the filtration rate
Excretion of dilute urine requires ___.
A) the presence of antidiuretic hormone
B) impermeability of the collecting duct to water
C) re-absorption of sodium ions via the loop of Henle
D) permeability of the distal convoluted tubule to water
B) impermeability of the collecting duct to water
Which process does NOT describe the importance of tubular secretion?
A) eliminating excess hydrogen ions into the filtrate
B) reabsorbing metabolites of drugs
C) removing metabolic wastes from the tubule cells
D) removing excess potassium ions from the blood plasma
B) reabsorbing metabolites of drugs
Which statement is TRUE regarding tubular re-absorption?
A) water re-absorption is passive in the proximal convoluted tubule
B) normal filtrate contains a higher concentration of plasma proteins
C) re-absorption of sodium ions is one mechanism the pH balance of blood
D) most of the water in the filtrate is excreted in the urine
A) water re-absorption is passive in the proximal convoluted tubule
Which hormone is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid?
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) parathyroid hormone
C) aldosterone
D) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone
What action is caused by atrial natriuretic peptide?
A) ANP enhances atrial contractions to increase blood pressure
B) ANP prevents fluctuations in pH caused by organic acids
C) ANP increases blood pressure and blood volume by enhancing sodium re-absorption
D) ANP decreases blood pressure and volume by inhibiting sodium and water re-absorption
D) ANP decreases blood pressure and volume by inhibiting sodium and water re-absorption
The most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ___.
A) the pH of intracellular fluid
B) potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
C) the potassium ion concentration in the tubule cells
D) intracellular sodium ion concentration
B) potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
Which hormone is important in water re-absorption during dehydration?
A) progesterone
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) antidiuretc hormone
D) antidiuretc hormone
One of the major physiological factors that trigger thirst is ___.
A) becoming overly agitated
B) a dry mouth from high temperatures
C) a rise in blood plasma osmolarity
D) drinking caffeinated beverages
C) a rise in blood plasma osmolarity
T/F
Hydrogen ion concentration of the blood decreases as carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
False
T/F
The trachea and bronchi are structures of the respiratory zone in the respiratory system.
False
T/F
Smoking inhibits the action of cilia and may destroy the elastic fibers of the lungs.
True
T/F
Chloride ions help maintain the osmotic pressure of the intracellular fluid.
False
T/F
The thirst center in the brain is located in the hypothalamus.
True
T/F
Urination involves a spinal reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the walls of the bladder.
True
T/F
The epiglottis is a smooth muscle that covers the glottis during swallowing.
True
T/F
Nephrons are located in the parenchyma of the kidney.
True
T/F
Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated tissues in the human body.
False
T/F
Tubular secretion is involved in controlling blood pH.
True
