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SAC A&P II > Ch. 27 Reproductive > Flashcards

Ch. 27 Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Meiosis results in _____.

two identical diploid cells
two nonidentical haploid cells
four identical diploid cells
four nonidentical diploid cells
four nonidentical haploid cells
A

four nonidentical haploid cells

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2
Q

Meiosis is the processes by which genetically unique haploid ____ are formed.

A

gametes

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3
Q

In terms of the male sexual response, parasympathetic stimulation causes ______.

spermiogenesis
erection of the penis
ejaculation
the penis to become flaccid
fertilization
A

erection of the penis

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4
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation causes ___ to be released, causing penile arterioles to dilate, allowing the erectile bodies to fill with blood.

A

Nitric Oxide

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5
Q

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ______.

one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis
the mature ovum is haploid and the sperm is diploid
spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only
the mature ovum is diploid and the sperm is haploid
two polar bodies are produced in spermatogenesis

A

one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis

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6
Q

___ mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and ___ mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis.

A

One; four

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7
Q

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the ______.

vestibular gland
vagina
pineal gland
ovary
hypothalamus
A

ovary

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8
Q

The ____, which make estrogen and progesterone, are the primary sex organs of the female.

A

ovaries

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9
Q

The primary sex organ(s) of the male is/are the ______.

penis
testes
seminal vesicle
epididymis
prostate
A

testes

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10
Q

The testes are the primary sex organs of males; they are also called ____.

A

gonads

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11
Q

The reason that the testes are suspended in the scrotum is to ______.

create extra space for the sex organs
to reduce the chance of infection from the enteric bacteria
protect sperm from the immune system
place sperm storage sites nearer to the penis
to provide a cooler temperature

A

to provide a cooler temperature

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12
Q

Spermatogenesis requires a ____ temperature than the core body temperature.

A

cooler

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13
Q

The sperm’s acrosome ______.

has a high density of mitochondria
contains enzymes
contains nutrients
provides motility
provides the blood testis barrier
A

contains enzymes

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14
Q

The ____ contains enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the egg.

A

acrosome

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15
Q

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ______.

FSH release
uterine-lining secretion
ovulation
menstruation
activation of primordial follicles
A

ovulation

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16
Q

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ovulation, which occurs, on average, on day ___ of the monthly cycle.

A

14

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17
Q

The usual site of fertilization is the ______.

vagina
vulva
uterus
uterine tube
ovary
A

uterine tube

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18
Q

The usual site of fertilization is the ___, or ___, tube.

A

uterine; fallopian

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19
Q

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the ______.

tunica albuginea
perimetrium
functional layer of endometrium
myometrium
basal layer of endometrium
A

functional layer of endometrium

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20
Q

_______ cells, located between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone.

Interstitial
Myometrial
Thalamic
Sustentacular
Follicle
A

Interstitial

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21
Q

Interstitial, or ____ cells, produce testosterone.

A

Leydig

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22
Q

In which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild?

ovulation
proliferative
preovulatory
secretory
menstrual
A

proliferative

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23
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium starts to rebuild in the ____ phase, which is initiated by rising estrogen levels.

A

proliferative

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24
Q

What is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States?

syphilis
vaginitis
chlamydia
gonorrhea
genital warts
A

chlamydia

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25
Q

____ is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

A

Chlamydia

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26
Q

Which cell type is ovulated from the ovary?

oogonium
ovum
primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
tertiary oocyte
A

secondary oocyte

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27
Q

In order, list the structures sperm will pass through from the testes to the external urethral orifice.

A

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra

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28
Q

Sperm are produced in the ____ and exit via the urethra.

A

seminiferous tubule

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29
Q

Which male structure is homologous to the female’s clitoris?

epididymis
prostate gland
penis
pubis
scrotum
A

penis

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30
Q

Which of the following represents the order in which reproductive hormones are secreted in males?

LH, GnRH, FSH, testosterone
FSH, GnRH, LH, testosterone
GnRH, LH/FSH, testosterone, inhibin
FSH, LH, GnRH, testosterone
FSH, GnRH, testosterone, LH
A

GnRH, LH/FSH, testosterone, inhibin

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31
Q

The ____ axis regulates the production of gametes and sex hormones in males.

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal

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32
Q

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the ______.

A

corpus luteum

33
Q

Sperm are produced in the ______.

A

seminiferous tubules

34
Q

In a typical or “average” cycle, ovulation occurs on day _____.

A

14

35
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics found in women?

estrogen
prolactin
FSH
progesterone
LH
A

estrogen

36
Q

During anaphase I, what structures separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

tetrads
sister chromatids
nonhomologous chromosomes
nucleoli

A

tetrads

37
Q

The ____, composed of replicated homologous chromosomes, will separate and migrate to the poles of the cell during anaphase I.

A

tetrads

38
Q

The muscular layer of the uterine wall is called the ______.

A

myometrium

39
Q

Which hormone stimulates the ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum?

A

luteinizing hormone

40
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the regulation of the number of sperm produced in the testes?

inhibin
testosterone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
PSA

A

PSA

41
Q

Which of the following statements about myoid cells is true?

They elevate the testes.
They surround the seminiferous tubules and contract rhythmically to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through the tubules out of the testes.
When they contract, they cause wrinkling of the scrotal skin.
They form a duct that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the prostate gland.

A

They surround the seminiferous tubules and contract rhythmically to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through the tubules out of the testes.

42
Q

Which of the following structures help(s) to keep the testes at a cool temperature?

the pampiniform plexus
the rete testis
the interstitial endocrine cells
the testicular arteries

A

the pampiniform plexus

43
Q

The ____ absorbs heat from testicular arteries, cooling the arterial blood before it enters the testes.

A

pampiniform plexus

44
Q

Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal?

the prostatic urethra
the epididymis
the ejaculatory duct
the spermatic cord

A

the spermatic cord

45
Q

Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length?

prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
ejaculatory duct

A

spongy urethra

46
Q

Which statement about vasectomies is FALSE?

They are approximately 10% reversible.
They are a highly effective method of birth control.
The part of the ductus deferens that lies in the scrotum is cut.
They involve a minor surgical procedure.

A

They are approximately 10% reversible.

47
Q

Approximately ___% of vasectomies are reversible.

A

50%

48
Q

epididymis

A

site of sperm storage

49
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

site of sperm production in the testes

50
Q

tunica albuginea

A

fibrous capsule of the testes

51
Q

pampiniform venous plexus

A

cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature

52
Q

interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells)

A

make testosterone

53
Q

The diploid chromosome number in humans is ____.

A

46

54
Q

____ produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.

A

Meiosis

55
Q

telophase I

A

Two genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

56
Q

metaphase I

A

Tetrads align randomly along the cell’s equator.

57
Q

telophase II

A

Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

58
Q

anaphase I

A

Homologous chromosomes separate from one another.

59
Q

prophase I

A

Crossovers form.

60
Q

Conversion of haploid spermatids to functional sperm is specifically called ______.

A

spermiogenesis

61
Q

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the ______.

A

midpiece

62
Q

_______ acts upon the _______ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary

63
Q

ovaries

A

house and form the female gametes

64
Q

uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

generally the site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte

65
Q

vagina

A

thin-walled structure that connects the uterus to the body exterior

66
Q

uterus

A

receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum

67
Q

fimbriae

A

fingerlike projections that brush over the ovary

68
Q

The ______ is shed during menstruation.

A

stratum functionalis

69
Q

The ______ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation.

A

alveoli

70
Q

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally ______.

A

acidic

71
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to ______.

decreased progesterone levels
increased estrogen levels
increased progesterone levels
decreased estrogen levels

A

decreased progesterone levels

72
Q

The ______ develop into the female duct system.

paramesonephric ducts
gonadal ridges
urethral folds
mesonephric ducts

A

paramesonephric ducts

73
Q

Relative to differences between mitosis and meiosis, choose the statements that apply only to meiosis:

A) tetrads present
B) produces two daughter cells
C) produces four daughter cells
D) occurs throughout life
E) reduces chromosomal number by half
F) synapsis and crossing over
A

A) tetrads present
C) produces four daughter cells
E) reduces chromosomal number by half
F) synapsis and crossing over

74
Q

The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are:

A) cilia
B) fimbriae
C) microvilli
D) stereocilia

A

A) cilia

B) fimbriae

75
Q

The usual site of embryo implantation is ____.

A) the uterine tube
B) the peritoneal cavity
C) the vagina
D) the uterus

A

D) the uterus

76
Q

Secondary sex characteristics are ____.

A) present in the embryo
B) a result of male or female sex hormones increasing at puberty
C) the testis in the male and ovary in the female
D) development of male and female external genitalia

A

B) a result of male or female sex hormones increasing at puberty

77
Q

Which of the following produces the male sex hormones?

A) seminal glands
B) corpus luteum
C) developing follicles in testes
D) interstitial endocrine cells

A

D) interstitial endocrine cells

78
Q

Which of the following does NOT add a secretion that makes a major contribution to semen?

A) prostate
B) bulbo-urethral glands
C) testes
D) ductus deferens

A

D) ductus deferens

79
Q

The corpus luteum is formed at the site of ____.

A) fertilization
B) ovulation
C) menstruation
D) implantation

A

B) ovulation

SAC A&P II (19 decks)

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