Ch. 19 Blood Vessels

Question 1

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ______.

Answer 1

right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs

Question 2

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the ______.

Answer 2

left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

Question 3

The endothelium is composed of ______.

Answer 3

simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

The ? is the thin sheet of simple squamous epithelium lining all vessels.

Answer 4

endothelium

Question 5

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the ______.

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

The ? receives blood both from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

Answer 6

right atrium

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from superficial to deep?

Answer 7

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Question 8

The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the ______.

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the ______.

Answer 9

capillaries and tissue cells

Question 10

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood CANNOT circulate normally is called ______.

Answer 10

circulatory shock

Question 11

Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as ______.

Answer 11

vasoconstriction

Question 12

The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the ______.

Answer 12

capillaries

Question 13

What regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?

Answer 13

precapillary sphincter

Question 14

The cuff of smooth muscle fibers surrounding the root of each true capillary at the ? that acts as a valve to regulate blood flow into the capillary is a ?

Answer 14

metarteriole; precapillary sphincter

Question 15

Loss of vasomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as ______.

Answer 15

vascular shock

Question 16

In ?, blood volume is normal and constant but there is an abnormal expansion of the vascular beds, resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance, causing blood pressure to fall rapidly.

Answer 16

vascular shock

Question 17

Which of the abdominal arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?

Answer 17

celiac trunk

Question 18

The ? is a large, unpaired artery that branches into the hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries to supply much of the upper abdomen.

Answer 18

celiac trunk

Question 19

What is the longest vein in the body?

Answer 19

great saphenous vein

Question 20

Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?

Answer 20

tunica media

Question 21

The ?, which contains smooth muscle, is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones.

Answer 21

tunica media

Question 22

Which types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?

Answer 22

muscular arteries

Question 23

______ inhibits fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Answer 23

Lipoprotein (a)

Question 24

? competes with plasminogen but cannot dissolve clots, and it participates in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Answer 24

Lipoprotein (a)

Question 25

The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the ______.

Answer 25

diameter of arterioles

Question 26

The presence of ______ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.

Answer 26

pericytes

Question 27

The presence of pericytes stabilizes the walls of ?

Answer 27

capillaries

Question 28

At the arteriolar end of a capillary, ______ pushes fluid into the capillary.

Answer 28

hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid

Question 29

The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the ______.

Answer 29

systemic circulation

Question 30

A metarteriole is a vessel that ______.

Answer 30

is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

Question 31

What condition would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins?

Answer 31

running in place

Question 32

Up to 65% of the body’s blood supply is found in ______.

Answer 32

veins

Question 33

Changes in peripheral resistance are primarily driven by ______.

Answer 33

blood vessel diameter

Question 34

Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors, which are sensitive to ______.

Answer 34

changes in blood pressure

Question 35

An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of ______.

Answer 35

muscular arteries

Question 36

Which blood vessel is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis?

Answer 36

the aorta

Question 37

Blood services the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the ______.

Answer 37

aorta