Ch. 19 Blood Vessels Flashcards
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ______.
right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
During systemic circulation, blood leaves the ______.
left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta
The endothelium is composed of ______.
simple squamous epithelium
The ? is the thin sheet of simple squamous epithelium lining all vessels.
endothelium
The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the ______.
right atrium
The ? receives blood both from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
right atrium
Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from superficial to deep?
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the ______.
kidneys
Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the ______.
capillaries and tissue cells
Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood CANNOT circulate normally is called ______.
circulatory shock
Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as ______.
vasoconstriction
The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the ______.
capillaries
What regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?
precapillary sphincter
The cuff of smooth muscle fibers surrounding the root of each true capillary at the ? that acts as a valve to regulate blood flow into the capillary is a ?
metarteriole; precapillary sphincter
Loss of vasomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as ______.
vascular shock
In ?, blood volume is normal and constant but there is an abnormal expansion of the vascular beds, resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance, causing blood pressure to fall rapidly.
vascular shock
Which of the abdominal arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?
celiac trunk
The ? is a large, unpaired artery that branches into the hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries to supply much of the upper abdomen.
celiac trunk
What is the longest vein in the body?
great saphenous vein
Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?
tunica media
The ?, which contains smooth muscle, is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones.
tunica media
Which types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?
muscular arteries
______ inhibits fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Lipoprotein (a)
? competes with plasminogen but cannot dissolve clots, and it participates in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Lipoprotein (a)
The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the ______.
diameter of arterioles
The presence of ______ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.
pericytes
The presence of pericytes stabilizes the walls of ?
capillaries
At the arteriolar end of a capillary, ______ pushes fluid into the capillary.
hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid
The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the ______.
systemic circulation
A metarteriole is a vessel that ______.
is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed
What condition would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins?
running in place
Up to 65% of the body’s blood supply is found in ______.
veins
Changes in peripheral resistance are primarily driven by ______.
blood vessel diameter
Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors, which are sensitive to ______.
changes in blood pressure
An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of ______.
muscular arteries
Which blood vessel is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis?
the aorta
Blood services the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the ______.
aorta
