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SAC A&P II > Ch. 20 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch. 20 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Which body region drains lymph into the right lymphatic duct?

A

Right upper limb

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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Which lymphoid cells produce the lymphoid tissue stroma?

A

Reticular cells

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4
Q

Select the example of a primary lymphoid organ.

A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Lymph node
D) Appendix

A

Thymus

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5
Q

The primary lymphoid organs include the ___ and ___.

A

Thymus and red bone marrow

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6
Q

Where do B lymphocytes originate and mature?

A

Red bone marrow

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7
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

It removes bloodborne pathogens and old, defective red blood cells.

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8
Q

In addition to its blood-cleansing functions, the ____ also provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.

A

Spleen

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9
Q

What region of the spleen is composed mostly of lymphocytes?

A

White pulp

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10
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches located?

A

Wall of the small intestine

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11
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the distal portion of the small intestine

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12
Q

Describe the Thymus.

A

It is the bi-lobed organ that is most prominent in newborns.

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13
Q

The ____ is the primary lymphoid organ.

A

Thymus

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14
Q

T cells originate in ____ and migrate to the ____.

A

Red bone marrow; Thymus

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15
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels transport ____ and fluid to the cardiovascular system.

A

leaked plasma proteins

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17
Q

The sac that often forms the initial portion of the thoracic duct is the ____?

A

Cisterna chyli

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18
Q

Entry of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries is promoted by:

A) One way mini-valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells
B) The respiratory pump
C) The skeletal muscle pump
D) Greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

A

A) One way mini-valves formed by overlapping endothelial cells

D) Greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

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19
Q

The structural framework of lymphoid organs is ____ tissue.

A

Reticular

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20
Q

Lymph nodes are densely clustered in all of the following regions except:

A) Brain
B) Axillae
C) Groin
D) Cervical region

A

A) Brain

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21
Q

The germinal centers in lymph nodes are largely sites of ?

A

Proliferating B lymphocytes

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22
Q

The red pulp areas of the spleen are sites of ?

A

Splenic sinusoids, macrophages, and red blood cells

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23
Q

The lymphoid organ that functions primarily during youth and begins to atrophy is the ?

A

Thymus

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24
Q

Collections of lymphoid tissue (MALT) that guard mucosal surfaces include all of the following except:

A) Appendix follicles
B) Tonsils
C) Peyer’s patches
D) Thymus

A

D) Thymus

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25
Q

One of the major functions of the lymphatic system is ______.

A

maintaining blood volume

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26
Q

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum of the small intestine are ______.

A

Peyer’s patches

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27
Q

Collections of lymphoid tissue that guard mucosal surfaces (MALT) include all the following EXCEPT ______.

A) Tonsils
B) Peyer’s patches
C) Appendix
D) Thymus

A

Thymus

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28
Q

The thymus is the site of ____, not a tissue guarding mucosal surfaces.

A

T cell maturation

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29
Q

In addition to its lymphoid function, which organ holds a reservoir of platelets?

A

Spleen

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30
Q

What tissue composes the stroma of most lymphoid organs?

A

reticular connective tissue

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31
Q

Which structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall?

A

appendix

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32
Q

The appendix extends from the ___.

A

cecum

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33
Q

What lymphatic vessel collects interstitial fluid?

A

lymphatic capillary

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34
Q

What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?

A

lacteal

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35
Q

____ are located in the intestinal villi and absorb lipids.

A

Lacteals

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36
Q

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity?

A

palatine tonsils

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37
Q

The spleen’s white pulp is composed primarily of _______.

A

lymphocytes

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38
Q

Describe the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system.

A

capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts

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39
Q

Which statement is true of the thoracic duct?

A) It forms from the merging of collecting vessels from the left upper limb and neck.
B) It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.
C) It forms from the merging of collecting vessels on the right side of the body.
D) It drains lymph only from the arms.

A

B) It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.

40
Q

The lymphatic vessels form a ____ in which lymph flows only toward the heart.

A

one-way system

41
Q

T cells develop in the ____.

A

thymus

42
Q

While all lymphoid organs function in immunity, only __________ filter(s) lymph.

A

lymph nodes

43
Q

Which of the following statements about the spleen is FALSE?

A) It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.
B) If the spleen is removed, the liver will take over its function.
C) In children under the age of 12 years old, the spleen will regenerate if a small piece is left in the body.
D) The spleen’s capsule is very thin and can be ruptured easily by a direct blow.

A

It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.

44
Q

____ transport interstitial fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood.

A

Lymphatics

45
Q

Lymphangitis presents itself as _______.

A

red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch

46
Q

Which of the following features is NOT common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins?

A) a wall made of three tunic layers
B) transport of chyle
C) anatomical distributions of each vary among individuals
D) the presence of valves

A

transport of chyle

47
Q

When B lymphocytes are dividing rapidly, the _______ of the lymphoid tissue enlarge(s).

A

germinal centers

48
Q

Trabeculae are extensions of _______.

A

the capsule

49
Q

Large lymph capillaries in a lymph node spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers are known as ______.

A

lymph sinuses

50
Q

Which of the following lymphatic trunks is unpaired?

A) intestinal trunk
B) bronchomediastinal trunk
C) lumbar trunk
D) jugular trunk

A

intestinal trunk

51
Q

Which lymphatic structure may also be a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?

A

spleen

52
Q

Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as ______.

A

white pulp

53
Q

A sentinel node is the first lymph node ______.

A

that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer

54
Q

T/F

Blood plasma and lymph are identical except for their respective locations in the body.

A

False.

Lymph is more like interstitial fluid than plasma, except for lymph from the digestive organs, where it is a nutrient-rich fluid.

55
Q

How are collecting lymphatic vessels different from veins?

A

Collecting lymphatic vessels have more internal valves than do veins.

56
Q

All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the ______.

A

subclavian veins

57
Q

Lymphatic vessels have a role in carrying ____, ____, and ____ to the blood.

A

tissue fluid, leaked proteins, and absorbed fats

58
Q

What cell captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes?

A

Dendritic cells

59
Q

The ____ is the single lymphoid organ that does not contain reticular connective tissue.

A

thymus

60
Q

Structurally, lymph nodes have a ____, ____, and ____ that serve to filter lymph fluid

A

capsule, medullary cords, and sinuses

61
Q

The exclusive role of the ____ is to foster T cell maturation.

A

thymus

62
Q

T/F

After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.

A

True

63
Q

The ____ includes the Peyer’s patches, the tonsils, the appendix, and the lymphoid follicles of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

64
Q

EXCEPT for the ______, which is/are an endodermal derivative, the lymphoid organs develop from mesodermal mesenchymal cells.

A

Thymus

65
Q

The clear fluid that flows unidirectionally within lymphatic vessels is called _____.

A

lymph

66
Q

List six specific substances that are transported in the lymph.

A
  1. Pathogens
  2. Cancer cells
  3. Plasma proteins
  4. Water
  5. Fats
  6. Cell debris
67
Q

After lymph flows through afferent lymphatic vessels, it will pass through small clusters of organs called ________, which function to “filter” lymph.

A

nodes

68
Q

List six specific cells that function within lymph nodes.

A
  1. Reticular cells
  2. Dendritic cells
  3. Plasma cells
  4. Macrophages
  5. B lymphocytes
  6. T lymphocytes
69
Q

After the lymph is “filtered” by the lymph nodes, does the lymph eventually return to the blood? (Yes or No)

A

Yes

70
Q

What specific lymphatic duct does the lymph pass through to reach the left subclavian vein?

A

Thoracic duct

71
Q

Specific proteins that play an integral role in adaptive immunity are called _______.

A

antibodies

72
Q

Antibodies bind to and become activated in response to _______, which are foreign proteins.

A

antigens

73
Q

T/F

One antibody is able to respond to different types of antigens.

A

False

74
Q

When an antigen enters the body, it triggers a(n) ________ response.

A

immune

75
Q

Regarding the interaction between an antigen and its antibody, the ____ will bind to a unique ____ with the corresponding ____.

A

antigens; b cell; antibody

76
Q

After the antigen binds to the antibody on the surface of the B cell, the B cell becomes activated and divides to form _______, which produce and secrete antibodies.

A

plasma cells

77
Q

The division of specific B cells in response to a specific antigen is called _______.

A

clonal selection

78
Q

Invading bacteria releases a ________ that is detected by the leukocyte.

A

chemoattractant

79
Q

The ____ is a blood reservoir.

A

spleen

80
Q

___ monitor the composition of lymph.

A

Lymph nodes

81
Q

The ____ is located between the lungs at the base of the throat.

A

thymus

82
Q

____ are collectively called MALT.

A

Peyer’s patches & tonsils

83
Q

____ prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.

A

Peyer’s patches

84
Q

____ is the largest lymphatic organ.

A

The spleen

85
Q

____ filters lymph.

A

Lymph nodes

86
Q

____ is particularly large and important during youth and helps program T cells of the immune system.

A

The thymus

87
Q

____ are found in the wall of the GI tract.

A

Peyer’s patches

88
Q

____ removes aged and defective red blood cells.

A

The spleen

89
Q

Chyle flows into the ___, ___, ___, and ___.

A
  1. Lacteals
  2. Intestinal lymph nodes
  3. Intestinal trunk
  4. Cisterna chyli
90
Q

The spleen functions to:

A
  1. Remove aged RBC’s
  2. House lymphocytes
  3. Store some blood components
91
Q

What 3 characteristics are associated with the Thymus?

A
  1. Providing immunocompetence
  2. Hormone secretion
  3. Atrophy later in life
92
Q

___ lymphocytes mature in the thymus; ___ lymphocytes mature in the red bone marrow.

A

T & B

93
Q

___ lymphocytes do not produce or secrete antibodies, but directly attack antigens.

A

T

94
Q

___ lymphocytes produce antibodies.

A

B

95
Q

Antibody function

A

Mark antigens for location by phagocytes or destroyed by cell lysis

SAC A&P II (19 decks)

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