Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SAC A&P II > Ch. 22 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 22 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

During inspiration, air moves into the lungs because _____.

A

the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alveolar ventilation rate is ____.

A

the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where ______.

A

pH is more acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Boyle’s law states that ____.

A

volume changes lead to pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Bohr effect states that ____.

A

CO2 loading and lower pH enhance O2 release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is ______.

A

approximately 104 millimeters of mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is approximately ___ millimeters of mercury, which is about 35% less than that of the atmospheric PO2.

A

104

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is ______.

A

converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the ______.

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The epiglottis shields the opening to the ___ during swallowing.

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called ______.

A

pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which tissue lines the trachea?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ is the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory event.

A

Vital capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ____ are air passages under 1 millimeter in diameter.

A

bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause a person to become faint because of _______.

A

lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lowered CO2 levels in the blood cause cerebral blood vessels to ____ , reducing brain perfusion and causing ischemia.

A

constrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following gases has NO effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions occur, such as in scuba diving, and can form bubbles in blood when an individual surfaces too quickly?

A

nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ conditions can cause nitrogen to form bubbles in blood when an individual surfaces too quickly.

A

Hyperbaric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What term describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that occurs during vigorous exercise?

A

hyperpnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as _______.

A

carbaminohemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ___ in the medulla generates the basic respiratory rhythm.

A

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?

A

gas exchange

23
Q

The walls of the conducting zone are too thick to allow____.

A

gas exchange

24
Q

Loudness of voice depends on the ___ with which the air stream rushes over the vocal cords.

A

force

25
Q

The C-shaped ____ in the trachea wall, not the trachealis muscle, prevent the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.

A

cartilage rings

26
Q

What enzyme, which is ideally located in the lung capillary membrane of the pulmonary circuit, acts on material in the blood, thereby activating an important blood pressure hormone?

A

angiotensin converting enzyme

27
Q

What type of pressure keeps the air spaces in the lungs open?

A

transpulmonary

28
Q

Loss of lung elasticity is a contributing factor in ____, not atelectasis.

A

emphysema

29
Q

Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to gas flow because ______.

A

the airways branch extensively as they get smaller, resulting in a huge total cross-sectional area

30
Q

The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the ______ and the ______ pressure.

A

intrapulmonary; intrapleural

31
Q

Which substance, produced by type II alveolar cells, decreases alveolar surface tension?

A

surfactant

32
Q

____ are nonrespiratory movements that are caused by the presence of an irritant in the nasal cavity.

A

Sneezes

33
Q

The dorsal respiratory group _______.

A

is located near the root of cranial nerve IX

34
Q

The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all of the following functions EXCEPT _______.

A

stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm

35
Q

T/F

The respiratory zone is composed of the trachea and the paranasal sinuses.

A

False

36
Q

What are the hairs within the nasal cavity that filter coarse particles, such as pollen and dust, from inspired air?

A

vibrissae

37
Q

________ is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.

A

Rhinitis

38
Q

List the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior.

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

39
Q

The ______ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages.

A

epiglottis

40
Q

T/F

The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs.

A

True

41
Q

The ______ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs.

A

alveoli

42
Q

The ______ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.

A

stroma

43
Q

______, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged.

A

Atelectasis

44
Q

When too little surfactant is present, surface tension forces can collapse the ____.

A

alveoli

45
Q

Since inadequate pulmonary surfactant is produced until the last two months of fetal development, babies born prematurely often are unable to keep their ____ inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.

A

alveoli

46
Q

T/F

Henry’s law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

A

False (Dalton’s law)

47
Q

T/F

Henry’s law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

A

True

48
Q

hich form of hypoxia occurs when body cells are unable to use O2 even though adequate amounts are delivered? (This type of hypoxia is usually the consequence of metabolic poisons, such as cyanide.)

A

histotoxic hypoxia

49
Q

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 transported in blood?

A

as bicarbonate ions in plasma

50
Q

The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called ______.

A

hyperpnea

51
Q

T/F

Emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and loss of lung elasticity.

A

True

52
Q

T/F

Lung cancer is among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure.

A

False

53
Q

____ cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in North America

A

Lung

SAC A&P II (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions