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Anatomy 1090 > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

The bone in the brachial region is called the

A

Humerus

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2
Q

Name 6 tissue types found in named muscle

A
  • Skeletal muscle tissue
  • Connective tissue proper (tendons and ensheathments)
  • Epithelium lining the lumina of the blood vessels
  • Smooth muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
  • Blood within blood vessels
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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE

the muscles responsible for voluntary swallowing are primarily composed of skeletal muscle

A

True

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4
Q

what cell lays down calcified matrix to make more compact bone?

A

Osteoblast

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5
Q

The coxal joint is located at the…

A

Hip

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6
Q

which movement involves moving away from the center of the body

A

abduction

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7
Q

which type of joint is freely mobile

A

synovial joint

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8
Q

name 3 bones that develop through intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles

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9
Q

which of the following develops due to to insufficient ATP for muscle contraction?

a. physiologic tetanus
b. pathologic tentanus
c. rigor mortis
d. muscle cramping

A

Rigor mortis

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10
Q

A yogi maintains the tree pose without moving for 2 minutes.
TRUE or FALSE
This yogi’s muscles are mainly engaged in isotonic contraction.

A

FALSE

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11
Q

which part of the bone is spongy bone likely to be found

A

epiphysis

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12
Q

Making a fist involves performing what action with your metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?

A

Flexion

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13
Q

your to (superior) teeth are attached to which bones

A

Maxilla

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14
Q

Name the ion released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum that directly signals sarcomeres to contract?

A

Calcium

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15
Q

name the roles of skeletal muscle

A
  • Structural support for the entire body.
  • Protection of underlying organs and soft tissues
  • Leverage: Bones are the levers that muscles pull on
  • Storage of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate ions, and lipids
  • Blood cell production: Makes red and white blood cells
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16
Q

Which of the following IS a role of skeletal muscle

a. contract the heart
b. move food through the esophagus
c. maintain posture
d. constrict a blood vessel

A

MAINTAIN POSTURE

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17
Q

which of the following functions to DECREASE, rather than increase, blood pressure and blood volume?

a. atrial natriuretic peptide
b. aldosterone
c. Renin
d. Angiotensin II

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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18
Q

which of the following does light NOT need to pass through to reach photoreceptors in the retina?

a. lens
b. vitreous body
c. Sclera
d. Cornea

A

Sclera

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19
Q

The two bones that for the lateral aspects of the skull (deep to the ears) are called the

A

temporal bones

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20
Q

list the 12 cranial nerves and their type

A 
olfactory--Special
optic--Special
oculomotor--Motor
trochlear--Motor
trigeminal--Both
abducens--Motor
facial--Both
vestibulocochlear--Special
glossopharyngeal--Both
vagus--Both
accessory--Motor
hypoglossal--Motor
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21
Q

what is abduction

A

movement away from the center of the body

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22
Q

what is adduction

A

movement toward the center of the body

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23
Q

what is rotation

A

movement in a circle

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24
Q

what is flexion

A

decreasing the angle of the joint

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25
Q

what is protraction

A

anterior movement

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26
Q

which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and for movement of muscles for mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of the skeletal system

a. structural support
b. contraction for movement
c. storage of calcium
d. production of red blood cells

A

Contraction for movement

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28
Q

what is the name of the protein that physically covers the myosin-binding site on actin to prevent muscular contraction in the absence of cytoplasmic calcium?

A

tropomyosin

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29
Q

which type of nerve sends sensory information for the thermoreceptors in the skin?

a. somatic afferent
b. visceral afferent
c. somatic efferent
d. visceral efferent

A

Somatic afferent

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30
Q

where is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

between C1 and C2

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31
Q

where is the carpal joint?

A

wrist

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32
Q

where is the tarsal joint?

A

ankle

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33
Q

where is the coxal joint?

A

hip

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34
Q

Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol secretions?

a. adipose tissue cells release lipids
b. anti-inflammatory effect
c. skeletal muscle cells make more amino acids
d. liver makes more glucose

A

Anti-inflammatory effect

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35
Q

which of the following senses rotational equilibrium?

a. Utricle
b. Saccule
c. Semicircular canals
d. Cochlea

A

semicircular canals

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36
Q

which band in a sarcomere narrows during a contraction

A

I band

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37
Q

which of the following bones develops through endochondral ossification?

a. frontal
b. parietal
c. Mandible
d. Femur

A

Femur

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38
Q

osteons organized into tubes called trabeculae form the distinctive appearance of which bone tissue type?

A

spongy bone

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39
Q

what is diplopia?

A

double vision

40
Q

what is astigmatism?

A

unusual eye shape does not allow focusing of light

41
Q

what is myopia?

A

nearsightedness

42
Q

what is strabismus?

A

pupils do not align properly

43
Q

what is hyperopia?

A

farsightedness

44
Q

Which of the following is responsible for motor control of involuntary effectors?

a. central nervous system
b. peripheral nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. somatic nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system

45
Q

name the 5 true endocrine organs

A 
pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
pineal gland
46
Q

which levels of the spine has fused vertebrae?

A

Sacral Vertebrae

coccyx vertebrae

47
Q

Where photoreceptor located

A

the neural part of the retina

48
Q

where is the mechanoreceptor located

A

baroreceptor in the liver

49
Q

where is the chemoreceptor located

A

gustatory receptor in a taste bud

50
Q

Where are free nerve endings located?

A

nociceptor in the skin

51
Q

which of the following is the LEAST likely to be a multipolar neuron?

a. motor nerve to skeletal muscle
b. Efferent nerve to a gland
c. sensory nerve in the peripheral nervous system
d. neuron in the temporal lobe

A

Sensory nerve in the peripheral nervous system

52
Q

which of the following cells does a neuron NOT typically synapse with?

a. Glial cell
b. Neuron
c. Muscle fiber
d. Glandular cell

A

Glial Cell

53
Q

Melatonin, which helps regulate the circadian rhythm, is produced by which gland?

A

pineal gland

54
Q

Where is CSF typically produced?

A

Ventricles

55
Q

Which organelle transmits an action potential from the neuromuscular junction to the interior of a skeletal muscle cell?

a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. troponin
c. myosin
d. T tubule
e. synaptic terminal

A

T tubule

56
Q

Where are bitter taste buds typically located?

A

at the back of the tongue

57
Q

Where are the sour taste buds typically located?

A

on the side of the tongue towards the back

58
Q

define arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint

59
Q

name the functions of the muscular system

A 
Move the skeleton
Maintain posture and body position. 
Support soft tissues. 
Guard entrances and exits.
Maintain body temperature.
60
Q

frontal lobe function

A

executive functions including personality and planning

61
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

control of endocrine and autonomic nervous systems

62
Q

Thalamus function

A

relay and processing centers for sensory information

63
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

coordinates motor response to proprioceptors

64
Q

Medulla oblongata function

A

regulates autonomic functions like heartbeat

65
Q

LH stimulates the release of all of the following hormones except:

a. testosterone
b. progesterone
c. estrogen
d. melatonin

A

Melatonin

66
Q

Explain how the iris controls the amount of light that strikes the retina.

A
  • The 2 layers of the smooth muscle in the iris can change the diameter of the pupil.
  • Sympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the radially oriented dilators, causing pupils to dilate.
  • Parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the concentric constrictor muscles, causing pupils to constrict.
67
Q

Which of the layers of connective tissue surrounds a single muscle fiber.

a. epineurium
b. tendon
c. endoneurium
d. aponeurosis
e. Perineurium

A

Endoneurium

68
Q

Which of the following cells is a mature compact bone cell living in a lacuna?

A

Osteocyte

69
Q

Name the functions of the nervous system

A
  • Monitor the body’s internal and external environments
  • Integrate sensory information
  • Coordinate voluntary and involuntary responses of many other organ systems.
70
Q

the target of TSH

A

(thyroid stimulating hormone)

Target is the thyroid gland

71
Q

The target of ACTH

A

(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Targets adrenal gland

72
Q

The target of ADH

A

(Antidiuretic hormone)

Targets Kidneys

73
Q

The target of Oxytocin

A

Uterus and breasts

74
Q

The target of FSH

A

(Follicle-stimulating hormone)

Targets Ovaries and Testes

75
Q

TRUE or FALSE

An afferent nerve carries sensory information to the CNS

A

TRUE

76
Q

Function of Astrocyte

A

Glial cell

- Star shaped cell that covers capillaries inside the skull

77
Q

Function of Schwann cell

A

Glial Cell

- Forms PNS neuron myelin sheath

78
Q

Function of Ependymal cell

A

Glial Cell

- Makes and moves CSF

79
Q

Function of Oligodendrocyte

A

Secretes CNS neuron myelin sheath

80
Q

Function of Microglia

A

CNS immune cell

81
Q

your cheek bones are called your

A

zygomatic bones

82
Q

List the functions of the limbic system

A

Establish emotional states
Link the conscious with the subconscious, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious and autonomic functions of the brainstem
Aid long-term memory storage and retrieval

83
Q

Epinephrine is released from which part of the adrenal gland?

a. Zona gomerulosa
b. Zona fasciculate
c. Zona retcularis
d. Adrenal medulla

A

Adrenal medulla

84
Q

which cell breaks down calcified matrix to release calcium from compact bone?

A

osteoclast

85
Q

The antagonist for insulin is

A

Glucagon

86
Q

List the functions of the endocrine system

A

Long-term regulation and adjustments of homeostatic processes that affect many body functions: telling you body what homeostasis is. Makes homeostasis happen

Metabolism: For all organ systems, adjusts metabolic rate and use of substances, such as glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids

Regulates growth and development

87
Q

red-green color blindness comes from a genetically caused absence of which photoreceptors?

a. red cones
b. red rods
c. Blue cones
d. green rods

A

Red cones

88
Q

bone marrow is the most likely to be found in this component of long bone

A

diaphysis

89
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), released from the hypothalamus, stimulates the release of the following hormones

a. FSH and LH
b. Estrogen and progesterone
c. ACTH
d. . Growth hormone and prolactin

A

FSH and LH

90
Q

which of the following is released from the pituitary gland as a result of stimulation transmitted through the hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract.

a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. ACTH
d. Growth hormone
e. FSH

A

Oxytocin

91
Q

location of thyroid gland

A

anterior surface of the larynx

92
Q

location of adrenal gland

A

on the kidneys

93
Q

location of the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

94
Q

location of the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

95
Q

the triceps brachii pulls the forearm in the opposite direction from the biceps brachii (extension as opposed to flexion of the arm). Which of the following words best describes the relationship of the triceps brachii to the biceps brachii?

a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. insertion
e. origin

A

Antagonist

96
Q

A construction worker finds that their hearing has been damaged by years of exposure to dangerously loud sounds. An audiologist diagnoses conductive deafness. which is the most likely location of the damage?

a. Tympanic membrane
b. organ of corti
c. semicircular ducts
d. saccule

A

Tympanic membrane

97
Q

which of the following hormones is not produced or activated by the kidneys?

a. calcitriol
b. erythropoietin
c. angiotensin II
d. renin

A

Angiotensin II

Anatomy 1090 (18 decks)

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