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Anatomy 1090 > Chapter 6 Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

List the two functions of the skeletal system and the sub functions under each

A 
Physical
- Structural support
- Protection
- Leverage (movement)
Metabolic
- storage of calcium, phosphate and lipids
- Blood cell production
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2
Q

Name 4 tissue types in bone

A
  • Reticular connective tissue with blood (red bone marrow)
  • adipose connective tissue (yellow bone marrow)
  • Compact bone/Osseous tissue
  • Spongy bone
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3
Q

List 3 types of bone cells

A
  • Osteocytes
  • osteoblasts
  • osteoclasts
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4
Q

Function of Osteocytes

A

Adult/fully developed bones cells

- keep up compact bone by recycling calcium salts and assisting in repair

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5
Q

function of osteoblasts

A

baby bone cells (haven’t differentiated yet.)

- build more bone

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6
Q

Function of Osteoclasts

A
  • huge cells that break down bone

- cut up bony matrix

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7
Q

Name 4 different bone shapes/types

A
  • long bones
  • short bones
  • flat bones
  • irregular bones
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8
Q

Long bones description and example

A

longer than they are wide. They have a long shaft and have two circular knobs at each end.
Ex: Femur and humerus

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9
Q

Short bones description and example

A

have roughly equal dimensions

Ex: Carpal and Tarsal bones

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10
Q

Flat bones description and example

A

thin and broad and are roughly cubes

Ex: Ribs and scapulae

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11
Q

Irregular bones description and example

A

have weird shapes that don’t fit into one of the other categories
Ex: vertebrae and many skull bones

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12
Q

Axial skeleton

A

head, neck, and trunk

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13
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the four limbs plus the shoulder bones and pelvic girdle

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14
Q

parts of a long bone (2)

A

Epiphysis: Big knobs at the end of the bone. Have spongy bone in them

diaphysis: The shaft of the bone. Contains the bone marrow cavity

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15
Q

Name two types of bone development

A
  • Intramembranous ossification

- endochondral ossification

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16
Q

Intramembranous ossification process

A
  • Osteoblasts differentiate from embryonic or fetal fibrous connective tissue when the matrix starts to calcify.
  • Osteoblasts then build bone from ossification centers, and as the bone grows outward bone and osteocytes are formed.
  • Blood vessels grow into the area to support the osteoblasts and get trapped in the bone.
  • This method is how the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles form.
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17
Q

Ossification

A

Changing other tissues into bone

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18
Q

the skeleton starts out as what kind of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

endochondral ossification process

A

REVIEW THIS!!!

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20
Q

four regions of the skull

A
  • frontal
  • parietal (2 bones)
  • temporal (2 bones)
  • occipital
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21
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheek bones

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22
Q

Nasal bone

A

Bridge of your nose

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23
Q

Maxilla

A

2 bones that make up your upper jaw

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24
Q

Mandible

A

lower jaw

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25
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

in the center of the skull behind the eyes

looks like a pair of wings

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26
Q

Cheek bones

A

Zygomatic bones

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27
Q

Bridge of your nose

A

nasal bones

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28
Q

upper jaw

A

maxilla

2 bones

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29
Q

lower jaw

A

Mandible

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30
Q

In the center of the skull

looks like a pair of wings

A

Sphenoid bone

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31
Q

unpaired skull bones

A

Fontal
occipital
sphenoid
mandible

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32
Q

List the 5 types of vertebrae and how many there are

A
  • Cervical are in the neck–7
  • Thoracic are in the thoracic region and connect to the ribs–12
  • Lumbar are in the dorsal abdominal region–5
  • Sacrum has four pairs of holes– 5 fused
  • Coccyx is the tail bone–4 fused
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33
Q

C1 vertebrae

A

called the atlas
flattest vertebrae
talks with the skull
“holds the world of your brain”

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34
Q

C2 Vertebrae

A

called the axis
has a big superior projection called the dens
“The world then spins on the axis”

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35
Q

breastbone is called

A

Sternum

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36
Q

How many pairs of ribs?

A

12

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37
Q

True ribs

A

Costal cartilage directly connects to the sternum

ribs 1-7 are true ribs

38
Q

False Ribs

A

don’t connect with the sternum they connect with rib 7’s costal cartilage
Ribs 8-12 are false ribs

39
Q

Floating ribs

A

no connection at all to the sternum

ribs 11-12 are floating ribs

40
Q

collar bones are called

A

clavicles

41
Q

shoulder blades

A

scapula

42
Q

upper arm bone

A

Humerus

43
Q

Two bones in the forearem

A

Ulna–pinky finger side of bone

radius–Thumb side of bone

44
Q

Wrist bones are called what? How many?

A

Carpal bones

8 total

45
Q

bones in the palm section of hand and how many?

A

Metacarpal bones
5 total
number 1-5 starting at the thumb

46
Q

finger bones

A

phalanges (singular: phalanx)

47
Q

hip or coxal bones

A

ilium–ear piece
ischium–what you hold/handle
Pubis–receiver/what you talk into

48
Q

Thigh bone

A

Femur

49
Q

Kneecap

A

patella

50
Q

Two leg bones

A

Tibia–inside ankle bone

fibula–outside ankle bone

51
Q

Ankle bones and how many

A

Tarsals

7 total

52
Q

Name 3 types of joints

A

Fibrous
cartilaginous
Synovial

53
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Connected by fibrous connective tissue
doesn’t move very well
Ex: skull bones

54
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Connected by cartilage.
don’t move very well
Ex: Intervertebral discs

55
Q

Synovial joints

A

All freely movable joints are synovial

Ex: elbow

56
Q

What is synarthrosis?

A

Joint that doesn’t allow movement

57
Q

3 Subcategories of synarthrosis

A

1- Sutures
2- Gomphosis
3- Sychondrosis

58
Q

Suture joint

A

Under synarthrosis

  • Found between skull bones
  • both fibrous connection and interlocking surfaces
59
Q

Gomphosis joint

A

Under synarthrosis

  • A ligament binds a bone within a bony socket
  • found in the sockets in the maxilla and mandible where teeth go.
60
Q

Synchondrosis joint

A

under synarthrosis

  • Cartilage bridge or plate
  • Found connecting 1st rib pair to sternum
61
Q

What is amphiarthrosis

A

joint that allows a bit of movement (means in the middle) like amphibian

62
Q

two subcategories of amphiarthrosis

A

Syndesmosis

symphysis

63
Q

Syndesmosis joint

A

Under Amphiarthrosis

  • Ligamentous (fibrous) connection between two bones.
  • Ex: Tibia and fibula
64
Q

symphysis joint

A

Under Amphiarthrosis

  • connection by a fibrocartilage pad.
  • found in pubic symphysis (between pubic bones and intervertebral discs.
65
Q

diarthrosis joint

A
  • Allows fee movement
  • synovial joints are diarthrosis
  • complex joint bounded by joint capsule, containing synovial fluid
66
Q

Synovial joint

A
  • joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
  • synovial cavity between bones is filled with fluid (for lubrication), surrounded by synovial membrane made of specialized connective tissue
  • the joint has a capsule as well that covers the synovial membrane
67
Q

3 types of ligaments associated with synovial joints

A

Extracapsular: outside the joint capsule (MCL and LCL)
-intracapsular: inside the joint capsule (ACL and PCL)
Capsular: the ligament is made of a thickening of the fibrous capsule. (shoulder and hip ligaments)

68
Q

holds two joints together

A

ligament

69
Q

extra pad of fibrocartilage

- have multiple in each knee

A

Meniscus

70
Q

Thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage separating synovial cavities.
Similar to meniscus

A

Articular disc

71
Q

the fibrocartilage between vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc

72
Q

dislocation of an anatomical part

A

Luxation

73
Q

Inflammation of a joint

A

Arthritis

74
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Humeral

75
Q

Elbow joint

A

Cubital

76
Q

Wrist joint

A

Carpal

77
Q

knuckle joint

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

78
Q

hip joint

A

Coxal

79
Q

Knee joint

A

Genual

80
Q

ankle joint

A

Tarsal

81
Q

Where your lower jaw moves

A

Temporomandibular joint

82
Q

Joint between occipital bone and skull

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

83
Q

Joint between C1 and C2

A

Atlanto-axial joint

84
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle between articulating bones

85
Q

Extension

A

increases the angle between articulating bones

86
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midsaggital plane

87
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midsaggital plane

88
Q

rotation

A

turning around the longitudinal axis of a body or a limb

89
Q

pronation

A

moves the forearm so that the wrist faces posteriorly palm down

90
Q

supination

A

move the forearm so that the wrist faces anteriorly palm up

Anatomy 1090 (18 decks)

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