Test #1 Flashcards
which body plane makes a horizontal cut, creating a superior and inferior portion?
Transverse
when you move in the cephalic direction, which direction are you going?
Toward the head
Which stage of the cell cycle includes microtubules separating daughter chromosomes
anaphase
Which of the following describes a connective tissue?
a. mucosal tissue on a body surface
b. muscle tissue
c. tissue composed of neurons and glial cells
d tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone
tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone
superior shoulder
deltoid
thumb
pollex
kneecap/anterior knee
patellar
ear
auricular
wrist
carpal
Name the true body cavity that contains the heart (this cavity does NOT also contain the lungs)
pericardial cavity
to get from the sternal region of the vertebral region, you go in which direction?
dorsal
which of the following organelles is responsible for destroying a phagocytosis pathogen that is now in a vesicle
lysosome
Name three functions of the cell’s plasma membrane
1- separates the inside and the outside of the cell
2- participates in endocytosis and exocytosis
3- anchors structural protiens
Which of the following is most likely to be a protien?
a. most common molecule in plasma membrane
b. molecule storing genetic information
c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
Name to the major layers of the skin
Epidermis and Dermis
What is mRNA?
RNA “photocopy” of DNA code for a protein
What is tRNA
Attached to a amino acid
What is rRNA
component of ribosomes
Which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide strength in one direction?
Collagen fiber
Which body plane makes a vertical cut down the middle of the body, creating equal left and right portions?
midsaggital
When fatty acids are broken down, they create hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct that has to be neutralized by the cell. Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down fatty acids?
Peroxisome
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging secretions and packaging vesicles within enzymes to create lysosomes? Hint: it acts like the cell’s post office.
Golgi apparatus
Name one direct effect of ultraviolet radiation on skin
With small amounts it creates vitamin D
When you move in a dorsal direction, which direction are you going?
toward the back
Name the cell’s major energy currency, made in the mitochondria.
ATP
Name the 12 body systems
Integumentary Respiratory skeletal muscular vascular Nervous endocrine lymphatic digestive Renal/urinary Reproductive male/female
which of the following has a pH closest to that of blood?
Water (7.0)
What is the pH of blood
7.35-7.45
The most common macromolecule found in the cell’s plasma membrane is
phospholipid
Your hair color and skin color come from two types of the pigment called
Melanin
The most apical layer of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum
What is microvilli?
small fingerlike projections to increase surface area of membrane for absorption
What is nucleus
stores genetic material
What is cilia
whip like extensions of cell that move material over cell surface
What is ribosome?
organelle that most directly participates in translation
what is rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site of synthesis and packaging of lysosomal protiens
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum
site of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
What is centriole
essential for movement of chromosomes during mitosis
name 4 functions of the skeletal system
1- blood cell production
2- storage of minerals and lipids
3- protection
4- support
which body cavity contains the lungs
pleural cavities
which of the following is a characteristic of a visceral organ?
found in a body cavity
found mainly in the trunk of the body
covered with membranes
what is the weakest chemical bond
hydrogen bond
what exclusively happens in the
s phase of the cell cycle
DNA replication
What pairs with adenine and is found only in DNA
Thymine
Which of the following is only performed by specialized immune cells such as macrophages?
a. endocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Explain why endocytosis depletes the cell membrane
it uses part of the cell membrane to enclose the molecule brought into the cell.
increases in blood glucose due to eating signal the pancreas to secrete insulin, which causes glucose to be removed from the blood back to their target levels
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
What part of the body do not have its own blood supply
cartilage
cornea
epidermis
what kind of tissue is the main tissue type found in the dermal papillae?
Areolar connective tissue
Which stage of mitosis includes the dissolving of nuclear membrane and condensation of the DNA chromatin into structures visible with a low power microscope.
prophase
which of the following cells releases histamine and heparin in response to cell damage or detection of a pathogen, and causes problems during many allergic reactions
Mast cells
Which tissue causes the heart to beat
Cardiac Muscle
what macromolecule is responsible for long-term storage of the genetic code?
DNA
which of the following glands produces an oily produce secreted onto skin?
sebaceous gland
Explain how the body can have several dozen different kinds of cells even though all of them have identical DNA
DIFFERENTIATION
DNA is packaged so that some genes are easy or impossible to get to and genes are turned on and off
Which kind of tissue has the main goal of storing energy?
Adipose connective tissue
Chest (where the ribs are)
Thoracic
By the genitals (where the hair is)
Pubic
Calf (posterior leg)
sural
Big Toe
Hallux
armpit
Axillary
Eyes and eye sockets
orbital
Proximal arm
Brachial
To get from antecubital region to the deltoid region, you go in which direction? a. Distal b. Proximal c. Caudal D. ventral e. dorsal
PROXIMAL
name four things that are found in a bone
Calcified matrix
osteons
tissue producing blood cells
lacunae
Which of the following is an endocrine secretion?
a. subum
b. sweat
c. slaiva
d. estrogen
ESTROGEN
what is merocrine?
Type of secretion
secretory product released from vesicles by exocytosis
what is holocrine?
Type of secretion
Secretory cell ruptures to release secretory product
what is Apocrine?
Type of secretion
Secretory cell sheds apical portion of cytoplasm
name a monomeric subunit of protein
Amino Acid
What is an atom
smallest unit of matter
what is an electron shell?
area around an atom’s nucleus where negatively charged particles are typically found
what is a compound
substance made of at least two different elements
what is an ion
atom or molecule with an electric charge due to losing or gaining electrons
what is a molecule
group of two or more atoms bonded together
going outside on a cold day signals skeletal muscles to contract repeatedly, generating heat to maintain homeostasis of temperature. this series of vents is an example of what process?
Negative feedback
name the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest
Chemical cellular tissue organ organ system
name 3 visceral organs
spleen
liver
stomach
in pregnancy, a hormone called oxytocin is released in response to labor contraction, and then signals to intensify and speed up contraction. This is an example of homeostasis. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
What type of chemical bonds hold complementary pairs of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
Phagocytic cells create large vesicles called phagosome. they then fuse these phagosomes with which organelle?
lysosomes
which of the following is most likely to be hydrophobic?
a. cytoplasmic protein
b. monosaccharide
c. fatty acid
d. potassium salts
e. strong acid
FATTY ACID
what is produced as a result of exposure of the skin to small amounts of ultraviolet radiation?
Vitamin D
what is known as “cell drinking” for relatively indiscriminately pulling small amounts of extracellular material into the cell
pinocytosis
what is the role of a neuroglia cell
support neurons
where are you most likely to find smooth muscle?/
a. muscles of the forearm
b. intestinal muscle
c. in the muscular layer of the heart’
d. voluntary muscles of the digestive tract
Intestinal muscle
what shape are columnar cells?
tall and narrow
name four things in the integumentary system
Epidermis
hair
dermis
toenails
which of these regions is NOT part of the cephalic region?
a. frontal
b. parietal
c. mental
d. coxal
e. oral
Coxal
which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide stretchiness and flexibility?
elastic fiber
which body plane makes a vertical cut, creating anterior and posterior portions
coronal
TRUE or FALSE
the dermis is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
TRUE
Name 3 roles of a protein
support cell and tissue structures
metabolic regulation
defense against pathogens and injury
In osteons of compact bone, what is the passageway that allows blood from the central canal to reach osteocytes?
Canaliculi
Which of the following is not a steroid?
a. testosterone
b. cholesterol
c. adenosine
d. estrogen
Adenosine
Which of the following does not require ATP
a. facilitated diffusion
b. receptor-mediated endocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. pinocytosis
facilitated diffusion
what is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane
stiffens the membrane
what is the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
barrier to separate inside and outside the cell
what is the role of protiens in the plasma membrane
structural support for the cytoskeleton
which ion is found in much high concentrations inside the cell than outside the cell
potassium
which of the following is not made of connective tissue
a. intervertebral discs
b. biceps tendon
c. spinal cord
d. adipose tissue
Spinal cord
What is the name for the most plentiful cells in most connective tissues, which are responsible for producing collagen and other fibers
fibroblast
TRUE or FALSE
compact bone is the major site of calcium storage for the body
True
Which stage of mitosis include microtubules separating daughter chromosomes
anaphase
where are new white blood cell produced
bone marrow
Anterior
toward the front
posterior
toward the back/rear
medial
toward the midline of the body
lateral
away form the midline of the body
proximal
toward the trunk
distal
away from the trunk
ventral
toward the chest
superior
up
