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Anatomy 1090 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

which body plane makes a horizontal cut, creating a superior and inferior portion?

A

Transverse

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2
Q

when you move in the cephalic direction, which direction are you going?

A

Toward the head

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3
Q

Which stage of the cell cycle includes microtubules separating daughter chromosomes

A

anaphase

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4
Q

Which of the following describes a connective tissue?
a. mucosal tissue on a body surface
b. muscle tissue
c. tissue composed of neurons and glial cells
d tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone

A

tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone

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5
Q

superior shoulder

A

deltoid

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6
Q

thumb

A

pollex

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7
Q

kneecap/anterior knee

A

patellar

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8
Q

ear

A

auricular

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9
Q

wrist

A

carpal

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10
Q

Name the true body cavity that contains the heart (this cavity does NOT also contain the lungs)

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

to get from the sternal region of the vertebral region, you go in which direction?

A

dorsal

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12
Q

which of the following organelles is responsible for destroying a phagocytosis pathogen that is now in a vesicle

A

lysosome

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13
Q

Name three functions of the cell’s plasma membrane

A

1- separates the inside and the outside of the cell
2- participates in endocytosis and exocytosis
3- anchors structural protiens

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14
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be a protien?

a. most common molecule in plasma membrane
b. molecule storing genetic information
c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

C. Thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Name to the major layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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16
Q

What is mRNA?

A

RNA “photocopy” of DNA code for a protein

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17
Q

What is tRNA

A

Attached to a amino acid

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18
Q

What is rRNA

A

component of ribosomes

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19
Q

Which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide strength in one direction?

A

Collagen fiber

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20
Q

Which body plane makes a vertical cut down the middle of the body, creating equal left and right portions?

A

midsaggital

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21
Q

When fatty acids are broken down, they create hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct that has to be neutralized by the cell. Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down fatty acids?

A

Peroxisome

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22
Q

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging secretions and packaging vesicles within enzymes to create lysosomes? Hint: it acts like the cell’s post office.

A

Golgi apparatus

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23
Q

Name one direct effect of ultraviolet radiation on skin

A

With small amounts it creates vitamin D

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24
Q

When you move in a dorsal direction, which direction are you going?

A

toward the back

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25
Q

Name the cell’s major energy currency, made in the mitochondria.

A

ATP

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26
Q

Name the 12 body systems

A 
Integumentary
Respiratory
skeletal
muscular
vascular
Nervous 
endocrine
lymphatic
digestive
Renal/urinary
Reproductive male/female
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27
Q

which of the following has a pH closest to that of blood?

A

Water (7.0)

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28
Q

What is the pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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29
Q

The most common macromolecule found in the cell’s plasma membrane is

A

phospholipid

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30
Q

Your hair color and skin color come from two types of the pigment called

A

Melanin

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31
Q

The most apical layer of the epidermis is the

A

stratum corneum

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32
Q

What is microvilli?

A

small fingerlike projections to increase surface area of membrane for absorption

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33
Q

What is nucleus

A

stores genetic material

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34
Q

What is cilia

A

whip like extensions of cell that move material over cell surface

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35
Q

What is ribosome?

A

organelle that most directly participates in translation

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36
Q

what is rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Site of synthesis and packaging of lysosomal protiens

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37
Q

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

site of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol

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38
Q

What is centriole

A

essential for movement of chromosomes during mitosis

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39
Q

name 4 functions of the skeletal system

A

1- blood cell production
2- storage of minerals and lipids
3- protection
4- support

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40
Q

which body cavity contains the lungs

A

pleural cavities

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41
Q

which of the following is a characteristic of a visceral organ?

A

found in a body cavity
found mainly in the trunk of the body
covered with membranes

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42
Q

what is the weakest chemical bond

A

hydrogen bond

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43
Q

what exclusively happens in the

s phase of the cell cycle

A

DNA replication

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44
Q

What pairs with adenine and is found only in DNA

A

Thymine

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45
Q

Which of the following is only performed by specialized immune cells such as macrophages?

a. endocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. phagocytosis

A

Phagocytosis

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46
Q

Explain why endocytosis depletes the cell membrane

A

it uses part of the cell membrane to enclose the molecule brought into the cell.

47
Q

increases in blood glucose due to eating signal the pancreas to secrete insulin, which causes glucose to be removed from the blood back to their target levels
TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

48
Q

What part of the body do not have its own blood supply

A

cartilage
cornea
epidermis

49
Q

what kind of tissue is the main tissue type found in the dermal papillae?

A

Areolar connective tissue

50
Q

Which stage of mitosis includes the dissolving of nuclear membrane and condensation of the DNA chromatin into structures visible with a low power microscope.

A

prophase

51
Q

which of the following cells releases histamine and heparin in response to cell damage or detection of a pathogen, and causes problems during many allergic reactions

A

Mast cells

52
Q

Which tissue causes the heart to beat

A

Cardiac Muscle

53
Q

what macromolecule is responsible for long-term storage of the genetic code?

A

DNA

54
Q

which of the following glands produces an oily produce secreted onto skin?

A

sebaceous gland

55
Q

Explain how the body can have several dozen different kinds of cells even though all of them have identical DNA

A

DIFFERENTIATION

DNA is packaged so that some genes are easy or impossible to get to and genes are turned on and off

56
Q

Which kind of tissue has the main goal of storing energy?

A

Adipose connective tissue

57
Q

Chest (where the ribs are)

A

Thoracic

58
Q

By the genitals (where the hair is)

A

Pubic

59
Q

Calf (posterior leg)

A

sural

60
Q

Big Toe

A

Hallux

61
Q

armpit

A

Axillary

62
Q

Eyes and eye sockets

A

orbital

63
Q

Proximal arm

A

Brachial

64
Q 
To get from antecubital region to the deltoid region, you go in which direction?
a. Distal
b. Proximal
c. Caudal
D. ventral
e. dorsal
A

PROXIMAL

65
Q

name four things that are found in a bone

A

Calcified matrix
osteons
tissue producing blood cells
lacunae

66
Q

Which of the following is an endocrine secretion?

a. subum
b. sweat
c. slaiva
d. estrogen

A

ESTROGEN

67
Q

what is merocrine?

A

Type of secretion

secretory product released from vesicles by exocytosis

68
Q

what is holocrine?

A

Type of secretion

Secretory cell ruptures to release secretory product

69
Q

what is Apocrine?

A

Type of secretion

Secretory cell sheds apical portion of cytoplasm

70
Q

name a monomeric subunit of protein

A

Amino Acid

71
Q

What is an atom

A

smallest unit of matter

72
Q

what is an electron shell?

A

area around an atom’s nucleus where negatively charged particles are typically found

73
Q

what is a compound

A

substance made of at least two different elements

74
Q

what is an ion

A

atom or molecule with an electric charge due to losing or gaining electrons

75
Q

what is a molecule

A

group of two or more atoms bonded together

76
Q

going outside on a cold day signals skeletal muscles to contract repeatedly, generating heat to maintain homeostasis of temperature. this series of vents is an example of what process?

A

Negative feedback

77
Q

name the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest

A 
Chemical
cellular
tissue
organ 
organ system
78
Q

name 3 visceral organs

A

spleen
liver
stomach

79
Q

in pregnancy, a hormone called oxytocin is released in response to labor contraction, and then signals to intensify and speed up contraction. This is an example of homeostasis. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

80
Q

What type of chemical bonds hold complementary pairs of DNA together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

81
Q

Phagocytic cells create large vesicles called phagosome. they then fuse these phagosomes with which organelle?

A

lysosomes

82
Q

which of the following is most likely to be hydrophobic?

a. cytoplasmic protein
b. monosaccharide
c. fatty acid
d. potassium salts
e. strong acid

A

FATTY ACID

83
Q

what is produced as a result of exposure of the skin to small amounts of ultraviolet radiation?

A

Vitamin D

84
Q

what is known as “cell drinking” for relatively indiscriminately pulling small amounts of extracellular material into the cell

A

pinocytosis

85
Q

what is the role of a neuroglia cell

A

support neurons

86
Q

where are you most likely to find smooth muscle?/

a. muscles of the forearm
b. intestinal muscle
c. in the muscular layer of the heart’
d. voluntary muscles of the digestive tract

A

Intestinal muscle

87
Q

what shape are columnar cells?

A

tall and narrow

88
Q

name four things in the integumentary system

A

Epidermis
hair
dermis
toenails

89
Q

which of these regions is NOT part of the cephalic region?

a. frontal
b. parietal
c. mental
d. coxal
e. oral

A

Coxal

90
Q

which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide stretchiness and flexibility?

A

elastic fiber

91
Q

which body plane makes a vertical cut, creating anterior and posterior portions

A

coronal

92
Q

TRUE or FALSE

the dermis is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

TRUE

93
Q

Name 3 roles of a protein

A

support cell and tissue structures
metabolic regulation
defense against pathogens and injury

94
Q

In osteons of compact bone, what is the passageway that allows blood from the central canal to reach osteocytes?

A

Canaliculi

95
Q

Which of the following is not a steroid?

a. testosterone
b. cholesterol
c. adenosine
d. estrogen

A

Adenosine

96
Q

Which of the following does not require ATP

a. facilitated diffusion
b. receptor-mediated endocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. pinocytosis

A

facilitated diffusion

97
Q

what is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane

A

stiffens the membrane

98
Q

what is the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

A

barrier to separate inside and outside the cell

99
Q

what is the role of protiens in the plasma membrane

A

structural support for the cytoskeleton

100
Q

which ion is found in much high concentrations inside the cell than outside the cell

A

potassium

101
Q

which of the following is not made of connective tissue

a. intervertebral discs
b. biceps tendon
c. spinal cord
d. adipose tissue

A

Spinal cord

102
Q

What is the name for the most plentiful cells in most connective tissues, which are responsible for producing collagen and other fibers

A

fibroblast

103
Q

TRUE or FALSE

compact bone is the major site of calcium storage for the body

A

True

104
Q

Which stage of mitosis include microtubules separating daughter chromosomes

A

anaphase

105
Q

where are new white blood cell produced

A

bone marrow

106
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front

107
Q

posterior

A

toward the back/rear

108
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

109
Q

lateral

A

away form the midline of the body

110
Q

proximal

A

toward the trunk

111
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk

112
Q

ventral

A

toward the chest

113
Q

superior

A

up

Anatomy 1090 (18 decks)

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