Test 2: 20 camelid Flashcards
castrated alpaca is called
wether or gelding
castrated llama is called
gelding
sperm production in camelids start
early as 10-12 months and is well established by 18-24 months of age.
male camelids urinate —
posteriorly
- when aroused the opening with reorient cranially by the protractor preputial muscle extruding the penis
type of penis for camelid
- fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure
- hooked shaped glans penis
- inserts into uterus during mating
- penis attached to prepuce for 3 years
mating behavior of camelids
- male chases female until she cushes
- 5-65 mins (20-25 mins)
- males will orgle
4 common caused of poor semem quality in camelids
heat stress/hydrocoele
testicular hypoplasia
cryptorchidism
orchitis
average size of testicle in llama and alpace
llama: 5x3 cm (LxW)
alpaca: 4.5x2.5 cm (LxW)
how to do semen collection in camelids
allow them to mate then suction semen out of female
* electro can be used under heavy sedation or general anesthesia
* dummy females can be used but expensive
how to evaluate camelid sperm
very viscous- sperm can’t move
* add enzyme (papain) to reduce viscosity
* can not wait for liquefaction- takes hours and sperm would die
female alpaca
hembra
female llama
dam
which animals insert into the uterus during mating
camelids
horse-stallion
which animals have a oviductal papilla
horse and camelids
size of ovaries in camelids
thumb sized
2.5 x 1 x 1 cm
how to cow uterus different from camelids
camelids have a large ovarian bursa, absence of intercornual ligaments and well developed papillae at uterotubal junction and a cervix with a single spiral fold giving the appearance of 2-3 cervical rings.
camelids have a longer — uterine horn
left
how to exam cervix in camelid
need speculum or endoscope
* they have long vesibule/vaginas
when to 1st breed camelids
2/3 mature weight
(12-18 months)
what kind of ovulation for camelid
induced ovulators
* like a cat
follicular pattern for camelids
constant waves of follicles- making estrogen → receptive to the males most of the time → induced ovulators
what causes ovulation in camelids
semen has ovulation-inducing factor/betaNGF that causes an LH surge 30 hrs after mating
if follicle < 7mm and camelid is breed what will happen
nothing- will remain receptive to male
if follicle is >7 mm and in growth phase what will happen after mating in camelids
mating will cause ovulation and fertilization will take place
* LH will cause follicle to produce progesterone- not receptive to the male
* if they did not conceive- will return to receptivity in 12 days
if follicle is >7 mm but in regression phase what will happen after mating
follicle will leutinize, and make progesterone for 5 days, but then it will regress and the camelid will become receptive again
female camelids that ovulate but fail to conceive will become receptive again after
12 days post ovulation
Ovulation does not occur
if the follicle is — or if the follicle is
in the — phase of
the follicular wave
small (< 7mm)
regression
Follicles > 7 mm in the regression phase of the follicular wave will
luteinize and secrete —
progesterone for 5 days.
how are cats and camelids different
both induced ovulators
but repeated matings will not result in more LH or more ovulations in camelids
breeding season for camelids
non seasonal breeders- can breed at any time
* try not to breed when very hot or very cold- 12 months pregnancy
how to breed camelids
female bred on may 1st. spits off male on may 8th. receptive and rebred on may 15th. Which are correct on May 15 before the 2nd breeding
1. pregnant
2. not pregnant
3. ovulated follicle following the may 1st breeding but failed to become pregnant
4. luteinized a follicle following the may 1st breeding
5. both 2 and 3
both 2 and 3
- ovulated follicle will make progesterone for 12 days
- not 4 cause leutinized follicle will only make progesterone for 5 days- would have been recepetive on May 8th
— are dependent on CL throughout pregnancy
camelids, pigs, goats
Check pregnant females regularly as significant fetal losses occur up to — of gestation
90 days
how to diagnose pregnancy in camelids
- sexual behavior- progesterone = not receptive
- progesterone concentration
- US- 3 weeks rectal
- rectal palpation- 35 days
- ballotment
newborn camelids are covered in
cria- epidermal membrane
what kind of placenta for camelids
- Diffuse, microcotyledonary, epitheliochorial, and non- deciduate
- The amnion is closely adhered to the allantochorion
what species have a placenta similar to a camelid
mare-
Diffuse, microcotyledonary, epitheliochorial, and non- deciduate
when to rebred a camelid that just gave birth
over 20 days, uterine involution
uterine torsion occurs when in camelids
late term- 8 months- term (330 days)
* need rectal to diagnose cause torsion in front of cervix
how to treat persistant corpus luteum
give prostaglandin
4 physiologic causes of fertility issues in camelids
- persistant corpus luteum
- ovulation failure
- hemorrhagic cyst- >35 mm
- cystic follicle (>12mm)- regress on their own
how to treat intrauterine infections in mare, camelid and cow
mare and camelid- lavage uterus, place catheter into uterus and give antibiotics
cow- stimulate uterus to contract- oxytocin- prostaglandins- systemic antibiotics
CL on US of camelid
white line surrounded by black
- different from other CL that are usually white
non infectious causes of abortions in camelids
twins?, heat stress, physiologic stress, toxic chemicals, poisonous plants, anaphylaxis, vitamin deficiency (A,E, copper, iodine, selenium)
infectious causes of abortion in camelids
lepto
toxoplasmosis
chlamydia
