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Fall 23: repro > Test 1: 13 canine female dog > Flashcards

Test 1: 13 canine female dog Flashcards

1
Q

puberty in female dog

A

6-24 months- breed specific

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2
Q

cycle length of female dog

A

12 months average

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3
Q

proestrus in dogs

A

9 days
2-25 days
Follicular stage:
early proestrus: estradiol rising
end proestrus: estradiol peaks
progesterone and LH are low

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4
Q

during proestrus — and — are low

A

progesterone and LH

lasts 9 days- estradiol rising then peaks at end

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5
Q

behavior of female during proestrus

A

Behavior:
* Male begins to become attracted
* She will not accept mating, tucking tail, sitting, and turning to fend

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6
Q

clinical signs of proestrus in female dog

A
  • Vulva is swollen, edematous, and firm
  • Bloody vaginal discharge
  • These are the typical first signs of ”heat”

9 days in dog

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7
Q

vaginal wall during proestrus in dogs will look

A

Vaginal Wall:
* Changes due to E2
* Mucosa light pink, shiny, edematous
* Vaginal epithelium proliferates (wall thickens)
* Diapedesis of erythrocytes

Vaginal Cytology:
* Mixed cells – Intermediate and Superficial
* Progressing to more superficial (cornified) as approach estrus
* Large numbers RBC’s
* Bacteria are normal (normal flora)
* WBC’s – variable, decreasing over time

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8
Q

length of estrus in bitch

A

9 days

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9
Q

hormone levels during estrus in bitch

A
  • Estradiol decreases
  • Progesterone rises prior to forming CL (preovulatory follicles)
  • LH surge (progesterone 2ng/mL) → ovulation
  • Primary oocyte released 2 days after LH surge
  • Oocyte needs additional 2 days to mature (complete meiosis) to allow fertilization
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10
Q

when should bitch be bred

A

4-6 days after initial LH surge
- oocyte released 2 days post LH surge and takes another 2 days to mature before fertilization can take place

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11
Q

behavior of bitch during estrus

A

Bitch will wink,
lean, flag and stand to be
bred

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12
Q

clinical signs of bitch in estrus

A
  • Vulva edematous and firm
    but begins to soften
  • Vaginal discharge becomes
    more serosanguinous (trend,
    not a rule)
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13
Q

cytology of vagina during estrus will show

A

no WBC
* very thick, drier, wrinked, pale to white vaginal wall

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14
Q

ovulation in bitch occurs when

A

LH surge
2ng/mL

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15
Q

diestrus in a bitch lasts

A

55-60 days if preg
45-90 days if not preg

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16
Q

hormones during diestrus

A

progesterone (peak at 3 weeks)
* prolactin
* ovulation occurs 5-7 days before 1st day of diestrus

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17
Q

whelping in dogs occurs

A

57 +/- 1 day from onset of diestrus day 1

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18
Q

diestrus ends when in bitches

A

Progesterone drops below 2 ng/mL

  • 50-60 days if pregnant
  • 45-90 days if not pregnant
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19
Q

ovulation in bitches occur

A

5-7 days before 1st day of diestrus
* 2 days after LH surge

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20
Q

anestrus in dogs lasts

A

lasts 4.5 months
endometrial repair takes 120-150 days

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21
Q

endometrial repair in bitch takes

A

120-150 days

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22
Q

pregnancy recognition in a bitch

A
  • there is no signal
  • It is not needed as the bitch will go through the same long diestrus period regardless of pregnancy status
  • No known luteolytic PGF-2α from uterus in non-pregnant bitch
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23
Q

which infectious disease test should always be done on a bitch

A

brucellosis

24
Q

when to culture vagina in bitch

A

only if clinical disease, otherwise not very helpful

25
Q

when to test for brucellosis in dogs

A

bitch- prior to every breeding
male- prior to every breeding or every 3-6 months

26
Q

test for brucellosis in dogs

A

rapid slide (card) agglutination test (RSAT)
- low incidence of flase negative

27
Q

how to do ovulation timing in bitch

A
  • step 1: ID vulvar discharge/swelling- Day 1 of proestrus
  • Start 3-4 days after proestrus starts or when vaginal cornification (superficial cells) is 60-75% to perform diagnostic bloodwork- progesterone over 2 ng/ml, can test LH but expensive
  • ID first day of standing estrus
28
Q

when will bitch ovulate

A
  • 2 day post LH peak, when progesterone over 2ng/ml- (2N diplotene stage of prophase I)
  • oocytes take 2 days to mature
29
Q

The bitch may ovulate anywhere from — after the onset of standing heat or estrus

A

2 days before to 6 days
* not percise

30
Q

Ovulation occurs — prior to the first day of cytologic diestrus

A

5-7 days

31
Q

Whelping date is then 57 days +/- 1 day from first day of —

A

diestrus

32
Q

Bitches should be bred 4 and 6 days after the — with semen of excellent quality and
appropriate quantity for optimal results

A

LH peak
* when progesterone > 2= LH peak
* when progesterone > 10 = ovulation

33
Q

what is the 2:2:2:2 rule in dogs

A
  • When the progesterone is “2” ng/mL (1.7-2.9ng/mL) this is the day of the LH surge
  • She will ovulate “2” days later
  • She should be bred “2” days after ovulation and again in “2” days
34
Q

dog embryo enters the uterus at day

A

8
implantation at day 16

35
Q

Whelping date = 63 +/- 1 day from —

A

ovulation

36
Q

Due to variability of estrus in the bitch and the longevity of sperm in the uterus, whelping date from a single breeding (if ovulation date not known) can range from

A

58 (bred late) to 71 days (bred early)

37
Q

Bitch
gestation length
from LH peak
from ovulation
from breeding date
from onset of diestrus

A
  • 65 days from LH peak
  • 63 days post ovulation
  • 61-63 days post breeding date (55-70)
  • 57 +/-1 day from onset of diestrus
38
Q

type of dog placentation

A

endotheliochorial 4-5 layers
zonary band
marginal hematomas (green pigment)

39
Q

pregnancy is maintained by

A

CL making progesterone > 2ng/ml for the entire pregnancy
* will occur even if not pregnant

40
Q

what happens to temp in dog prior to birth

A

will drop with drop in progesterone 12-24 hrs prior

41
Q

what happens to prolactin levels during pregnancy

A

Concentration inversely related to progesterone
* keeps CL going
* may start lactating a few days early

42
Q

relaxin is made by the

A

placenta

43
Q

when can you xray to confirm pregnancy in bitch

A

50 days

44
Q

how to predict birth in bitch

A
  • Decreased appetite
  • Body temperature drop by 1-2 degrees (~98 degrees), usually 12-24 hours prior
  • Presence of colostrum – 1-7 days prior (unreliable)
  • Nesting behavior 12-24 hours prior
  • Restless, panting, anxiousness- NOT accurate for timing of labor
45
Q

stage 1 parturition in dog

A

lasts 6-12 hrs
* increased estradiols and prostaglandins, decreased progesterone
* increased oxytocin receptor sites
* small uterine contractions
* restless, panting, vomit

46
Q

stage 2 in parturition in dog

A

lasts 6-12 hrs
* abdomonial contractions
* 60% face first
* pup every 30-60 mins

47
Q

stage 3 parturition in bitch

A

5 to 15 mins after each pup
* bitch may eat them

48
Q

uterine involution of a bitch

A

60 days for size
120-150 days for histological

49
Q

a puppy needs the mother to stimulate

A

urination and defecation

50
Q

what can cause pseudopregnancy in bitch

A

caused by decline in progesterone- rise in prolactin
* Do not: allow self nursing, massage, stripping milk, drugs
* spaying which in diestrus

51
Q

how to treat pseudopregnancy

A

not treating is the best
* mibolerone
* dopamine agonist
* ACE will have opposite effect

52
Q

Can pseudopregnancy lead to increased risk of pyometra

A

NO
There is no predisposition to pyometra resulting from overt false pregnancy

53
Q

when to intervene during whelping

A
  • green discharge before 1st pup- emergency
  • 30 mins of strong contractions with no pup
  • 2-3 hrs of weak contraction and no pup
  • more than 4 hrs between pups
  • obvious problems
54
Q

fetal HR of pup

A

↑ 180 normal
160-180 stressed
↓ 160 very stressed

55
Q
A

Fall 23: repro (21 decks)

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