Test 1: 8 pregnant cow Flashcards
visual exam of female with freemartin
enlarged clitoris
small hairy vulva
short vagina < 8 cm
what type of cows get cystic ovaries
old, ↑ milk production, dairy cows
what is cystic ovarian disease in cows
failure to ovulate
* no LH surge
* grow too big > 25 mm
what is the most likely cause of cystic ovarian disease in cows
hypothalamus unresponsive to estradiol which means no LH surge and no ovulation of follicle
follicular cyst vs luteal cyst
follicular- ovarian follicle that grows past ovulation size but does not ovulate >25 mm, thin wall
luteal cyst- partial luteinization of the cyst wall, thick yellow wall
clinical signs of cystic ovarian disease in cow
anestrus
rare symptoms:
* nymphomania
* relaxation of pelvic ligament
* masculination
how to treat cystic ovarian disease in cow
- 40% resolve on their own- but wastes money
- Follicular cysts are usually treated with GnRH
- luteal cysts are treated with prostaglandins.
- OvSynch (timed AI) will treat both conditions and ensure the female is inseminated.
— is the most common ovarian tumor in cows
GCT- granulosa cell tumor
how does granulosa cell tumor effect the other ovary in cows
tumor makes estrogens, androgrens and AMH- will cause anestrus in the other ovary- will NOT ovulate
how to treat granulosa cell tumor in the ovary of a cow
usually benign
* ovariectomy- normal ovary may return to normal function
— hormone made by a granulosa cell tumor can be used for diagnosis
AMH
normal size of cow ovary
4 x 3 x2
where is fertilization occur in cow
oviduct ampulla
gestational length of cow
280
what type of placenta for cow
cotyledonary synepitheliochorial
how is progesterone maintained during pregnancy in a cow
CL throughout gestation
* placenta in 4-5th month and after 8th month
what triggers maternal recognition of pregnancy in cow
The bovine embryo secretes interferon-tau between days 15-17 of gestation, which prevents endometrial prostaglandin production and secretion.
* Thus, interferon-tau is the compound responsible for ‘maternal recognition of pregnancy’ and maintenance of the corpus luteum.
* The CL actively secretes progesterone and is required for maintaining pregnancy throughout the entire gestation.
in cow: The CL actively secretes — and is required for maintaining pregnancy throughout —
progesterone
the entire gestation.
The bovine embryo secretes — between days 15-17 of gestation, which prevents endometrial prostaglandin production and secretion.
interferon-tau
how does PGF2⍺ production work in ruminants
counter current transfer from uterine vein to ovarian artery
The bovine embryo usually settles in the lumen of the uterine curvature — CL
on the same side of the
what type of placenta for cow
cotyledonary
epitheliochorial- 6 layers
delayed deciduate- the maternal lining of uterus is shed after passage of fetal membranes.
caruncle and cotyeledon is called a
placentome
caruncle and cotyledons = placentome
gestation length for cow
280
9 months
what is the primary source of progesterone throughout pregnancy in cow
CL
in cow Progesterone is also produced by the — in the placentomes.
binucleate cells- 4-5 months and 8th month
there is a rapid shift in placental — production prior to parturition in cows
progesterone → estrogen → production of PGF2a which will cause luteolysis and ↓ in progesterone and ↑ oxytocin receptors in the myometrium
