Test 1: 8 pregnant cow

Question 1

visual exam of female with freemartin

Answer 1

enlarged clitoris
small hairy vulva
short vagina < 8 cm

Question 2

what type of cows get cystic ovaries

Answer 2

old, ↑ milk production, dairy cows

Question 3

what is cystic ovarian disease in cows

Answer 3

failure to ovulate
* no LH surge
* grow too big > 25 mm

Question 4

what is the most likely cause of cystic ovarian disease in cows

Answer 4

hypothalamus unresponsive to estradiol which means no LH surge and no ovulation of follicle

Question 5

follicular cyst vs luteal cyst

Answer 5

follicular- ovarian follicle that grows past ovulation size but does not ovulate >25 mm, thin wall

luteal cyst- partial luteinization of the cyst wall, thick yellow wall

Question 6

clinical signs of cystic ovarian disease in cow

Answer 6

anestrus

rare symptoms:
* nymphomania
* relaxation of pelvic ligament
* masculination

Question 7

how to treat cystic ovarian disease in cow

Answer 7

• 40% resolve on their own- but wastes money
• Follicular cysts are usually treated with GnRH
• luteal cysts are treated with prostaglandins.
• OvSynch (timed AI) will treat both conditions and ensure the female is inseminated.

Question 8

— is the most common ovarian tumor in cows

Answer 8

GCT- granulosa cell tumor

Question 9

how does granulosa cell tumor effect the other ovary in cows

Answer 9

tumor makes estrogens, androgrens and AMH- will cause anestrus in the other ovary- will NOT ovulate

Question 10

how to treat granulosa cell tumor in the ovary of a cow

Answer 10

usually benign
* ovariectomy- normal ovary may return to normal function

Question 11

— hormone made by a granulosa cell tumor can be used for diagnosis

Answer 11

AMH

Question 12

normal size of cow ovary

Answer 12

4 x 3 x2

Question 13

where is fertilization occur in cow

Answer 13

oviduct ampulla

Question 14

gestational length of cow

Answer 14

280

Question 15

what type of placenta for cow

Answer 15

cotyledonary synepitheliochorial

Question 16

how is progesterone maintained during pregnancy in a cow

Answer 16

CL throughout gestation
* placenta in 4-5th month and after 8th month

Question 17

what triggers maternal recognition of pregnancy in cow

Answer 17

The bovine embryo secretes interferon-tau between days 15-17 of gestation, which prevents endometrial prostaglandin production and secretion.
* Thus, interferon-tau is the compound responsible for ‘maternal recognition of pregnancy’ and maintenance of the corpus luteum.
* The CL actively secretes progesterone and is required for maintaining pregnancy throughout the entire gestation.

Question 18

in cow: The CL actively secretes — and is required for maintaining pregnancy throughout —

Answer 18

progesterone
the entire gestation.

Question 19

The bovine embryo secretes — between days 15-17 of gestation, which prevents endometrial prostaglandin production and secretion.

Answer 19

interferon-tau

Question 19

how does PGF2⍺ production work in ruminants

Answer 19

counter current transfer from uterine vein to ovarian artery

Question 20

The bovine embryo usually settles in the lumen of the uterine curvature — CL

Answer 20

on the same side of the

Question 21

what type of placenta for cow

Answer 21

cotyledonary
epitheliochorial- 6 layers
delayed deciduate- the maternal lining of uterus is shed after passage of fetal membranes.

Question 22

caruncle and cotyeledon is called a

Answer 22

placentome

Question 23

Answer 23

caruncle and cotyledons = placentome

Question 24

gestation length for cow

Answer 24

280
9 months

Question 25

what is the primary source of progesterone throughout pregnancy in cow

Answer 25

CL

Question 26

in cow Progesterone is also produced by the — in the placentomes.

Answer 26

binucleate cells- 4-5 months and 8th month

Question 27

there is a rapid shift in placental — production prior to parturition in cows

Answer 27

progesterone → estrogen → production of PGF2a which will cause luteolysis and ↓ in progesterone and ↑ oxytocin receptors in the myometrium