Test 2: 17 small rum

Question 1

the caruncles in ewes and does are — and the cervix has —

Answer 1

concave
rings

Question 2

three characteristics of male small ruminant anatomy

Answer 2

fibroelastic penis
urethral process
sigmoid flexure

Question 3

how does birth time effect puberty

Answer 3

if born in spring, will be fertile in fall

if born in the fall, will wait till next fall

breed dependent

Question 4

spermatogenesis cycle in small rum is

Answer 4

49 days- starts around 4-5 months of age

Question 5

goats and sheep are — breeders

Answer 5

short day breeder
seasonally polyestrous

Question 6

how does short days effect cyclicity of goats and sheep

Answer 6

short day breeders
* long days will cause an ↑ in RFRP-3 which will cause ↓ kiss-10 → ↓ GnRH, FSH and LH → will not cycle

Question 7

The length of the breeding season is most influenced by —

Answer 7

photoperiod, breed, and nutrional status

Question 8

In a temperate climate, goats are usually short-day breeders and have regular estrous cycles or heat cycles between —. But in the Northern Hemisphere in a temperate zone, the breeding season is much shorter, usually from —

Answer 8

August and March.

October to December

Question 9

estrous cycle of a doe
length of each part

Answer 9

cycle is 19-22 days (short day breeders)
* protestus- 1 day
* estrus 12-24 hrs
* ovulation 12-36 hrs after start of estrus

Question 10

In a doe, Usually there are — follicular waves that occur per cycle. Follicles greater than — will grow during all follicular waves, not just the one that ovulates.

Answer 10

4

3 mm

Question 11

estrous cycle for a ewe

Answer 11

14-19 days
estrus 30-36 hrs
ovulation late in estrus
follicles 4-7 mm max

Question 12

If the female, doe or ewe, is not pregnant, luteolysis will be triggered by release of — from the endometrium of the ipsilateral uterine horn between days 14-17.

Answer 12

prostaglandin F2a

Question 13

estrus detection in doe

Answer 13

• seeking buck
• tail wagging
• bleating
• urinating near buck
• edema of vuluva
• sudden decline in milk production
• reaction to buck

Question 14

estrus detection in ewe

Answer 14

• tail switching
• seeking ram
• edema of vulva
• ram with marking harness

Question 15

how to do breeding soundness exam on male rum

Answer 15

PE- make sure to check hind hoof and eyes
BSC
libido
semen collection and evaulation

measure circumference of testes
8-month-old > 30 cm
14-month-old > 33 cm

Question 16

how to collect sperm from buck

Answer 16

• electroejaculator
• artifical vagina and doe in estrus

Question 17

what is female polled intersex

Answer 17

In the female caprine fetus a gene diverts the process of sexual differentiation toward the male despite the presence of two (XX) chromosomes.

• Age of sexual maturity become larger than normal females, with a masculine head and erect hair on their Small teats and a bulbous clitoris or a shortened penis.

Question 18

what is a male polled intersex

Answer 18

In males, it causes poor differentiation of the duct system, resulting in sterility, and in genetic females it causes gonadal reversal leading to masculinization of the gonads and external genitalia. At puberty the clitoris becomes enlarged enough to be externally visible The intersex acts like a female at birth but at puberty acts like a buck, pronounced libido Develop the odor characteristic of bucks.

Question 19

test for polled intersex goat

Answer 19

testosterone

Question 20

what is a benifit of polled intersex goat

Answer 20

can be used from estrus detection- sterile

Question 21

how to confirm freemartinism

Answer 21

female male twins

• chromosome analysis, which reveals the coexistence of male and female cells in the blood and other hematopoietic tissues.

Question 22

what is a varicocele

Answer 22

dilatation and tortuosity of the veins in the pampiniform plexus and veins to the cremaster muscle; associated with testicular atrophy and decreased seminal quality – assume has something to do with impairment of heat exchange; most idiopathic

Question 23

orchitis

Answer 23

hot, swollen, and painful testes with systemic signs of illness; testes swell rapidly and in chronic cases can have loss of mobility within the scrotum due to extensive fibrous adhesions – can cause testicular atrophy as well

Question 24

what can cause a sperm granuloma

Answer 24

the efferent ductules are closed or end blindly and that become distended with inspissated sperm until rupture, then large inflammatory response leading to a granuloma (can calcify); will eventually cause degeneration of testicular stroma; can cause sterility if all efferent ducts effected; can be fertile initially but then develop bilateral granulomas; can palpate in head of epididymis most commonly

Question 25

epididymitis can be caused by

Answer 25

brucella ovis, histophilius spp, actinobacillus

• test with elisa before breeding and cull any infected

Question 26

= urethra does not open at the tip of the penis, can lead to urine scalding, can be asymptomatic,or a part of polled intersex condition

Answer 26

hypospadias

Question 27

pizzle rot is caused by

Answer 27

C. renale- ↑ protein ↑ ammonia

• also called posthitis

Question 28

inability to extrude the penis

Answer 28

phimosis

Question 29

Inability to withdraw the penis into the prepuce

Answer 29

paraphimosis
* usually traumatic