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Fall 23: repro > Test 1: 12 obstetrics > Flashcards

Test 1: 12 obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

difficult birth, extended labor

A

dystocia

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2
Q

normal, safe labor and birth

A

eutocia

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3
Q

successive fertilization of two or more ova by different sires

A

Superfecundation

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4
Q

successive fertilization of two or more ova of different ovulations at different times resulting in the presence of embryos of unlike ages

A

Superfetation

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5
Q

inhibition of uterine contractions

A

Tocolytic

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6
Q

inducing contractions of the uterus resulting in expulsion of a fetus

A

ecbolic

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7
Q

signs of approaching parturition in cow

A

24-48 hrs prepartum
relaxation of pelvic, especially sacrosciatic ligaments, “springer”, vulvar relaxation and lengthening, cervical relaxation, vulvar mucus discharge from liquification of cervical mucus, udder enlargement/edema, +/- ventral edema, udder secretion changes from honey-like to yellowish, cloudy, viscous colostrum; restlessness, anorexia in the last several hours prepartum.

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8
Q

signs of approaching parturition in mare

A

relaxation of sacrosciatic ligaments and vulva, udder development 0-6 weeks prepartum, udder edema, oozing of colostrum (“waxing”) 0-48 hours prepartum, restlessness, sweating, anorexia, vulvar discharge not evident; udder secretion becomes “sticky”, cloudy, milky.

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9
Q

in sow, bitch and queen signs of partuition

A

privacy-seeking, nesting, vulva flaccid, enlarged, and edematous, mammary gland enlargement.

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10
Q

gestation length of cow

A

280

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11
Q

gestation length of mare

A

340

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12
Q

gestation length of ewe

A

146

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13
Q

gestation length of doe

A

146

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14
Q

gestation length of sow

A

114

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15
Q

gestation length of bitch

A

63

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16
Q

gestation length of queen

A

64

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17
Q

which females have corpus luteum throughout preg

A

cow
doe
sow
bitch

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18
Q

which females do not have CL throughout all of preg

A

ewe
mare
queen

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19
Q

how is parturition initiated

A
  • fetus makes cortisol, this causes progesterone to convert into estrogen in the ewe, mare and queen, in the cow, doe, sow and bitch the placenta will make estrogen
  • this will lead to PGF2a production
  • causes luteolysis of CL and/or uterine contrations
  • oxytocin is released
  • ferguson’s reflex
  • fetal expulsion
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20
Q

fetal cortisol causes the conversion of — to —, which leads to — production during parturition

A

progesterone to estrogen
PGF2a

cow, dow, sow, bitch- CL throughout preg
ewe, mare, queen- placenta makes estrogen

21
Q

what is ferguson’s reflex

A

fetus pushing on cervix caused the release of more oxytocin which leads to more uterus contractions

22
Q

stage 1 of birth include

A

cervical relaxation
uterine contraction
fetal positioning

23
Q

foals change to what position in stage 1 partuition

A

Foals turn from “upside down” (dorsopubic) to “right side up” (dorsosacral) position.

24
Q

stage II partuition starts with

A

repture of chorioallantosis and release of allantoic fluids

25
Q

what happens in stage II partuition

A

starts with rupture of chorioallantois
* active abdomonial and uterine contractions
* expulsion of fetus

26
Q

white membrane?

A

amnion
* chorioallantois- red bag has been ruptured

27
Q

— is a tocolytic drug that stops labor by causing uterine relaxation.

A

Clenbuterol

28
Q
A

Sc histosomus reflexus

29
Q

physical of dam with dystocia

A

TPR, degree of abdominal enlargement, exhaustion, recumbency, agitation, mucus membranes, character of vaginal discharge, fetal membrane presence and character, straining.

30
Q

how to tell front legs from back legs

A
31
Q

If the sole of the foot points up and you have a hind leg then the fetus is in — position.

A

dorsal sacral

32
Q

If the sole of the hoof point down and you have a front leg then the fetus is in — position.

A

dorsal sacral

33
Q

fetus stressed and poops called

A

meconium

34
Q

three principles of obstetrics

A

lubricant
hygiene
compassion

35
Q

presentation of the fetus is

A

relation of the spine of the fetus to the spine of the dam

36
Q
A

Anterior, longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral with head neck and left leg extended. Right leg flexed at the shoulder.

37
Q
A

Posterior, longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral, hind legs flexed.

38
Q
A

Transverse, dorsal presentation, left cephalo-ilial

39
Q

position of fetus is the relation of

A

dorsum of the fetus in longitudinal presentation (or head in transverse) to the quadrants of the maternal pevis (sacrum, right, ilium, left, ilium, pubis)

40
Q
A

anterior presentation, dorso pubic, head, neck and front legs are flexed. This is the orientation that the equine fetus is in most of gestation.

41
Q
A

Transverse, ventral presentation, right cephaloilial position.

42
Q

normal orientation for most fetus

A

anterior (head first), longitudinal (spines in line), dorsosacral (belly down), head,neck and forelimbs extended

43
Q
A

Normal orientation. Longitudinal, anterior, dorsosacral, head, neck and front legs extended

44
Q

normal orientation for animals with many babies

A

posterior, longitudinal, dorsoscaral, hindlimbs extended

(back feet first, belly down

45
Q

term used to return fetus to normal position or presentation

A

mutations

46
Q

3 steps of mutations during delivery

A
  • repulsion
  • rotation or version
  • extension of extremities
47
Q

— is turning the fetus on its long axis

A

rotation

48
Q

what is version

A

rotation of fetus on its transverse axis into an anterior or posterior presentation
* rare and difficult to do

49
Q
A

Fall 23: repro (21 decks)

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