Test 1: 11 postpartum cow 2 Flashcards
gestation length of cow and how long open
280 d (9 months)
< 85 days
( calving interval 12-14 months)
uterine involution in cows occurs
30 days- back to size (9kg→1kg)
45 days- endometrium ready
— is thought to be driven by uterine muscular contractions, turnover of the extracellular matrix, necrosis and sloughing of the uterine caruncles, and regeneration of the endometrium.
Involution
what is lochia
discharge after birth- normal for 3 weeks postpartum
compare resumption of estrous between beef and dairy
beef take longer to resume ovulation (45, 21), first estrus (60,45)
what will cause dairy cow to go back into estrus after giving birth
based off energy balance
* need net positive to start hormones back up
* beef take longer then dairy
what will cause beef cow to go back into estrus after giving birth
suckling of calf produced endogenous opioids which stops hormone production
* after calf removed/ stopped nursing will return into heat (ovulation 45 days, estrus 60)
voluntary waiting period is usually —
60-70 days
why do dairy cows have increased post partum uterine infections
- increased stress from ↑ milk production
- ovulate earlier- when they are in diestrus there is less defense in the uterus
most common postpartum uterine infections are caused by
Ecoli
trueperella
Fusobacterium
Prevotella
compare retained fetal membranes in cow vs mare
mare- emergency
cow- usually ok > 12 hrs- do not treat
what can cause retained fetal membranes in cow
- failure of cotyledons to let go
- no cotyledon proteolysis and collagnolysis
- immature placentomes
- placentome hyperemia and edema
- mineral vit deficiencies
- uterine atony
- physical barrier
what is metritis
inflammation of multible layers of the uterus
clinical signs of metritis in a cow
- decreased milk production
- not eating
- depression
- fluid filled uterus
- smelly discharge
how to treat metritis in cows
systemic antibiotics- ceftiofur
* do not lavage uterus
— is purulent uterine discharge after 21 days post partum in cows
endometritis
sub clinical endometritis is classified as
↑ 18% neutrophils from 21-33 days pp
↑ 10% neutropils after 33 days pp
* uterine fluid, cervix diameter
clinical vs subclinical endoetritis
clinical: purulent discharge after 22 dpp
subclinical:↑ neutrophils
* uterine fluic and cervix diameter
cytology of endometritis will show
- Presence of >10% polymorphonuclear (PMN) 25-30 days postpartum is indicative of endometritis.
- Neutrophils are the first and most significant inflammatory cell involved in endometritis.
% of PMN per 100 cells at 400 mag
how to treat endometritis in cows
- PGF2a- induce estrus, increase UDM, promote physical clearance, must have responsive CL
- ∓antibiotics- systemic or intrauterine
- do not use uterine antiseptics
why do pymetra in cow become anestrus
pus in uterus, cervix closed, prevents the release of prostaglandins so CL stays
A 4-years-old beef cow at 265 days of gestation is presented with a mass protruding from the vulva. The producer describes that two days ago the mass started to protrude from the vulva only when the cow was laying down, but now the mass is approximately 20 cm in diameter and will not disappear when the cow stands. The mass appears inflamed and edematous. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Fibropapilloma
b) Habronemiasis
c) Uterine prolapse
d) Vaginal prolapse
e) Vaginal tumor
vaginal prolapse
A 3-years-old dairy cow at 240 days of gestation is presented with marked bilateral abdominal distension. Some distension was noticeable two days ago and increased rapidly since. Transrectal palpation and ultrasound exam reveal a very large and distended uterus, occupying most of the caudal abdomen. The uterus is filled with large quantities of clear, anechoic fluid. Placenta and placentomes can be observed, but the fetus cannot. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Hydrops allantois
b) Hydrops amnii
c) Metritis
d) Pyometra
e) Uterine leiomyoma
a) Hydrops allantois
A dairy producer reports that cows have become inappetent, depressed, and developed mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and persistent harsh cough. Five cows have aborted between 5-7 months of gestation. Aborted fetuses were severely autolyzed with liquefactive necrosis of the kidney and focal necrosis of the liver. Which of the following is the most likely cause of abortion?
a) Aspergillus fumigatus
b) Bovine herpesvirus 1
c) Bovine viral diarrhea virus
d) Chlamydia abortus
e) Neospora caninum
bovine herpes virus
