Test 1: 11 postpartum cow 2

Question 1

gestation length of cow and how long open

Answer 1

280 d (9 months)
< 85 days
( calving interval 12-14 months)

Question 2

uterine involution in cows occurs

Answer 2

30 days- back to size (9kg→1kg)
45 days- endometrium ready

Question 3

— is thought to be driven by uterine muscular contractions, turnover of the extracellular matrix, necrosis and sloughing of the uterine caruncles, and regeneration of the endometrium.

Answer 3

Involution

Question 4

what is lochia

Answer 4

discharge after birth- normal for 3 weeks postpartum

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

compare resumption of estrous between beef and dairy

Answer 6

beef take longer to resume ovulation (45, 21), first estrus (60,45)

Question 7

what will cause dairy cow to go back into estrus after giving birth

Answer 7

based off energy balance
* need net positive to start hormones back up
* beef take longer then dairy

Question 8

what will cause beef cow to go back into estrus after giving birth

Answer 8

suckling of calf produced endogenous opioids which stops hormone production
* after calf removed/ stopped nursing will return into heat (ovulation 45 days, estrus 60)

Question 9

voluntary waiting period is usually —

Answer 9

60-70 days

Question 10

why do dairy cows have increased post partum uterine infections

Answer 10

• increased stress from ↑ milk production
• ovulate earlier- when they are in diestrus there is less defense in the uterus

Question 11

most common postpartum uterine infections are caused by

Answer 11

Ecoli
trueperella
Fusobacterium
Prevotella

Question 12

compare retained fetal membranes in cow vs mare

Answer 12

mare- emergency
cow- usually ok > 12 hrs- do not treat

Question 13

what can cause retained fetal membranes in cow

Answer 13

• failure of cotyledons to let go
• no cotyledon proteolysis and collagnolysis
• immature placentomes
• placentome hyperemia and edema
• mineral vit deficiencies
• uterine atony
• physical barrier

Question 14

what is metritis

Answer 14

inflammation of multible layers of the uterus

Question 15

clinical signs of metritis in a cow

Answer 15

• decreased milk production
• not eating
• depression
• fluid filled uterus
• smelly discharge

Question 16

how to treat metritis in cows

Answer 16

systemic antibiotics- ceftiofur
* do not lavage uterus

Question 17

— is purulent uterine discharge after 21 days post partum in cows

Answer 17

endometritis

Question 18

sub clinical endometritis is classified as

Answer 18

↑ 18% neutrophils from 21-33 days pp
↑ 10% neutropils after 33 days pp
* uterine fluid, cervix diameter

Question 19

clinical vs subclinical endoetritis

Answer 19

clinical: purulent discharge after 22 dpp
subclinical:↑ neutrophils
* uterine fluic and cervix diameter

Question 20

cytology of endometritis will show

Answer 20

• Presence of >10% polymorphonuclear (PMN) 25-30 days postpartum is indicative of endometritis.
• Neutrophils are the first and most significant inflammatory cell involved in endometritis.

% of PMN per 100 cells at 400 mag

Question 21

how to treat endometritis in cows

Answer 21

• PGF2a- induce estrus, increase UDM, promote physical clearance, must have responsive CL
• ∓antibiotics- systemic or intrauterine
• do not use uterine antiseptics

Question 22

why do pymetra in cow become anestrus

Answer 22

pus in uterus, cervix closed, prevents the release of prostaglandins so CL stays

Question 23

A 4-years-old beef cow at 265 days of gestation is presented with a mass protruding from the vulva. The producer describes that two days ago the mass started to protrude from the vulva only when the cow was laying down, but now the mass is approximately 20 cm in diameter and will not disappear when the cow stands. The mass appears inflamed and edematous. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Fibropapilloma
b) Habronemiasis
c) Uterine prolapse
d) Vaginal prolapse
e) Vaginal tumor

Answer 23

vaginal prolapse

Question 24

A 3-years-old dairy cow at 240 days of gestation is presented with marked bilateral abdominal distension. Some distension was noticeable two days ago and increased rapidly since. Transrectal palpation and ultrasound exam reveal a very large and distended uterus, occupying most of the caudal abdomen. The uterus is filled with large quantities of clear, anechoic fluid. Placenta and placentomes can be observed, but the fetus cannot. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Hydrops allantois
b) Hydrops amnii
c) Metritis
d) Pyometra
e) Uterine leiomyoma

Answer 24

a) Hydrops allantois

Question 25

A dairy producer reports that cows have become inappetent, depressed, and developed mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and persistent harsh cough. Five cows have aborted between 5-7 months of gestation. Aborted fetuses were severely autolyzed with liquefactive necrosis of the kidney and focal necrosis of the liver. Which of the following is the most likely cause of abortion?

a) Aspergillus fumigatus
b) Bovine herpesvirus 1
c) Bovine viral diarrhea virus
d) Chlamydia abortus
e) Neospora caninum

Answer 25

bovine herpes virus