Test 2 Flashcards
the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites, those unable to be seen with the unaided eye.
ex; maggots
infestation
ability of microorganism to produce disease. Attenuation implies a weakening or reduction in the virulence of a MO.
virulence
diseases caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted between or are shared by animals and humans
ex; encephalitis or malaria
zoonotic
a hospital acquired infection, one obtained while in the hospital
nosocomial
literally, pus in the blood; a form of septicemia cause by cryogenic (pus forming) bacteria
pyemia
an infection which causes a fever (elevated temp)
pyRemia
a sudden, sever and overwhelming infection, such as spinal meningitis
fulminating
infection throughout the body, having been spread by the bloodstream or lymphatic system
generalized
a seemingly inactive infection; it is apparently held in check by the body’s defense but may spread when the body resistance is reduced.
ex: cold sores or syphilis
latent
an infection in which the clinical symptoms are not recognized or immediately detectable.
ex; TB
inapparent
an infection in which all the symptoms are easily recognized
ex: rubella
typical mumps
an infection in which all the symptoms are not easily recognizable, meaning that it could be confused with another infection
atypical
any MO that causes disease in man. A non-pathogen does not cause disease in man.
pathogens
types of pathogens
normal flora
opportunists
strict (obligate) pathogens
MO’s that live and grow in/on the human body. Most are non-pathogens.
normal flora
MO’s that produce infection only under especially favorable conditions, that is, they await the right opportunity to cause infection. Pathogens contained in a person’s normal flora are usually opportunists since they alone cannot penetrate unbroken skin.
opportunists
MO’s that will cause an infection in man every time that a person is exposed to them. They are never a part of one’s normal flora.
strict (obligate) pathogens
presence of infectious material, without a reaction necessarily being produced. This term can also refer to inanimate objects.
ex: fomite
contamination
an infection which occurs during the course of a chronic disease and causes death.
terminal
the presence of toxins (poisonous substances) in the blood.
toxemia
invasion of the bloodstream by pathogenic organisms with their subsequent multiplication therein. Common name is “blood poisoning”
ex: sepsis
septicemia
an infection in which the causative agent comes from outside the body.
exogenous
an infection which is caused by microorganisms which are normally present within the body.
endogenous
an infection of sudden onset and short duration
acute
an infection of slow onset and long duration
chronic
an infection capable of being transmitted, either directly or indirectly, from host to host. Contagious means highly communicable
communicable
an infection that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in a community.
ex: cold flu
endemic
and infection which attacks a large number of people in a community in a short period of time.
epidemic
worldwide epidemic; an infection which becomes an epidemic in a number of countries at the same time.
ex: flu in 1919 killed 20 million
pandemic
an infection which occurs only occasionally (now and then) in a community
sporadic
initial (first) infection of a mixed infection
primary
an infection due to two or more organisms.
ex: 2 or more infections occurring at the same time
mixed
the second and generally more complicating infection in a mixed infection
secondary
an infection in which the pathogenic organisms remain confined to a particular area.
ex: abscessed tooth
local
an infection confined to a particular area, but from which the bacteria spread to other parts of the body
focal
infection throughout, spread generally over the body by the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
ex: septicemia
general
a condition in which bacteria are in the bloodstream, but are NOT multiplying there.
bacteremia
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meningococcemia
