Embalming 2- Exam 3 Flashcards
A method of locating a structure by reference to an adjacent known or prominent structure. “along the”(What is is close to?)
Anatomical Guide
Points of origin and points or termination in relation to adjacent structures. “specifies a beginning and ending point”(begins & ends)
Anatomical Limits
An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure. “a line drawn from—“(What you visually see)
Linear Guide
linear guide -common carotid artery
A point from the sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear.
anatomical guide- common carotid artery
Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM).
Begins at the level of the right sternoclavicular articulation and terminates at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage on the right side of the neck.
right common carotid artery
Begins at the level of the second left costal cartilage and terminates at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage on the left side of the neck.
left common carotid artery
anatomical limits- common carotid artery
right and left common carotid artery
Place of incision to raise common carotid artery
Supraclavicular incisionParallel incisionHalf-moon incision
Place of incision to raise common carotid arteryperformed on top of or above the clavicle. Along the superior border of the clavicle. - commonly used for an emaciated case, or death of an adolescent female ( when you are anticipating clothing with a low cut neckline)
Supraclavicular incision
Place of incision to raise common carotid arterymost common incision used to raise common carotid artery to surface. Along the posterior border of the inferior one third (1/3) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Parallel incision
Place of incision to raise common carotid arteryvisually looks like a smiley face; made between two medial ends of the collar bones, allows you to raise both common carotid arteries to the surface. (Head trauma, major restorative art projects)
Half-moon incision
What is the most common incision to raise common carotid artery to surface?
Parallel incision
Considerations of raising common carotid artery
Ensures direct distribution to the face. Close to the center of circulation (arch of aorta). Has no branches except terminal branches. Face may be embalmed with milder solution than remainder of the body with restricted cervical injection.
Precautions of raising common carotid artery
Incision may be visible after dressing. Tubes may leave marks on the face. The face may be over injected.
Accompanying Vein of the common carotid artery
nternal jugular vein
where is the internal jugular vein located
Located lateral and superficial in relationship to the common carotid artery. (Usually the first you see)
The aorta has three distinct divisions, which are going away from the heart. What are they?
Ascending aortaArch of aortaDescending aorta
first division of the aorta - the blood is going superiorly (upper direction) away from the heart.
ascending aorta
What are the two branches that arise off the ascending aorta.
The left and right coronary arteries, which form a crown around the heart muscle. They are the only arteries that feed the heart muscle itself. Off two of the cusps of the aortic semilunar valve is the origin of the coronary arteries.
second division of the aorta - this is the center of circulation in embalming. It will ensure distribution to both sides of a person’s head, neck, and upper extremities.
Arch of the aorta
There are three distinct branches or divisions off the arch of the aorta. They are listed in the order they arise moving away from the heart. What are they?
Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery
first branch to rise off the arch aorta - (unpaired) this will eventually provide blood to the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper extremities.
Brachiocephalic artery
The brachiocephalic artery will split into
the right subclavian artery (located under the right collar bone).
the branch that feeds the right side of the head and neck. It is the most frequent artery raised and used artery in embalming. Starts where the sternum and the right collar bone meet.
Right common carotid artery
the second branch to arise off the arch of the aorta. This will feed the left side of the head and neck.
Left common carotid artery
the third branch to arise directly off the arch of the aorta (located beneath the left collar bone) and will eventually feed the left upper extremities
Left subclavian artery -
the arch of aorta terminates where
at the level of the 2nd left coastal cartilage
the left subclavian begins where?
at the level of the 2nd left coastal cartilage
the descending aorta originates where?
at the level of the 2nd left coastal cartilage
– initial point of injection for non-autopsy in infant cases. Abdominal aorta is located directly on top of the spinal column. Accompanying vein is IVC – located laterally to the right, largest vein in the human body
Abdominal Aorta
branches of the external carotid artery
Facial artery
anatomical guide- facial artery
Along the inferior border of the mandible just anterior to the angle of the mandible.
place of incision- facial artery
Along the anatomical guide
anatomical guide- subclavian artery
the clavicle
anatomical limits- right subclavian artery
begins at the sternoclavicular articulation and terminates at the lateral border of the 1st right rib
anatomical limits- left subclavian artery
begins at the level of 2nd costal cartilage and terminates at the lateral border of the 1st rib
would be the last artery separately inject to ensure distribution to the left upper extremity of autopsied case
left subclavian artery
Place of incision- subclavian artery
Along the upper margin of the clavicle about 1/3 the distance from the shoulder and root of the neck
linear guide- axillary artery
through the center of the base of the axillary space and parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity when abducted
anatomical guide- axillary artery
posterior to the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle
anatomical limits- axillary artery
begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib and terminates at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle
place of incision- axillary artery
Along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla
considerations of axillary artery
Close to the faceClose to the center of circulationClose to center of venous drainage Vessels are relatively superficial
precautions of axillary artery
Danger of over-injecting the faceAnomalies of both artery and vein are commonIf arms are not treated properly, it does not appear natural when body is placed in the casket.Numerous branches (about 6)
accompanying vein- axillary artery
axillary vein
where is the axillary artery located?
located medial and superficial to the axillary artery
linear guide- brachial artery
From the center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the forearm just below the bend of the elbow
anatomical guide- brachial artery
lies posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle.
anatomical limits- brachial artery
at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle and terminates at a point just inferior to the antecubital fossa
accompanying vein- brachial artery
basilic vein
where is the basilic vein located?
located medial and superficial to the brachial artery
place of incision- brachial artery
along the medial margin of the hairline of the axilla. Toward hand for brachial and toward the face for axillary
the most lateral artery of the forearm(located on the thumbside)
radial artery
linear guide- radial artery
on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the second digit (index finger)
anatomical guide- radial artery
just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
place of incision- radial artery
along the linear guide at the area of the wrist
the most medial artery of the forearm
ulnar artery
linear guide- ulnar artery
On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits
anatomical guide- ulnar artery
Lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
lies in a groove between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and flexor digitorum superficialis).
ulnar artery
Ulnar lies_______ to the tendon of flexor digitorium superficialis
medial
Ulnar lies _______ to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
lateral
Where does the ulnar lie in relationship to the tendon of flexor digitorium superficialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
in between
