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Comps Sciences > Microbiology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Microbiology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

scientific study of MO’s and their effect on other living organisms (study of small life).

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

MO stands for

A

Microorganism

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3
Q

Classification or naming of all living things

A

Taxonomy

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4
Q

Ability to exist in either one cell or multi cell form

A

DIMORPHISM

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5
Q

Study of external structure and form of organism without regard to its function
*generally indicated by the genus name of MO

A

Morphology

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6
Q

white blood cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

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7
Q

likelihood disease causes infection to human of MO

A

Virulence

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8
Q

DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY:

A
  1. BACTERIOLOGY
  2. RICKETTSIOLOGY
  3. VIROLOGY
  4. PROTOZOOLOGY
  5. MYCOLOGY
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9
Q

Study of bacteria

A

BACTERIOLOGY

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10
Q

Study of Rickettsia (infection usually from bugs or insects)

A

RICKETTSIOLOGY

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11
Q

Study of viruses (smallest organisms known to man, that cannot be viewed by
compound microscope).

A

VIROLOGY

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12
Q

Study of protozoa (smallest form of animal life – i.e. ameba)

A

PROTOZOOLOGY

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13
Q

Study of fungi (plural)or fungus (singular) (study of yeasts and mold)

A

MYCOLOGY –

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14
Q

fungi have the ability to exist in one cell or multi-cell form, called

A

DIMORPHISM

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15
Q

7 Classification of Living Things

A

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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16
Q

of all living things is always Capitalized.

A

Genus (name)

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17
Q

the lowest level classification of any living thing.

A

species

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18
Q

is always in small letters.

A

species

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19
Q

If the________ name does not tell us an _______ it causes, it will usually tell us a _____________

A

species
infection
laboratory characteristic

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20
Q

grows in clusters ( yellow pus)

A

staph

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21
Q

grows in chains

A

strept

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22
Q

What percentage of microorganisms are non-pathegentic

A

87%

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23
Q

What percentage can cause infection to man

A

13%

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24
Q

most bacteria reproduce by binary fission ​(simple transverse division); an “A” sexual means

A

​Bacterial typical reproduction -​ .

​

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25
Q

bacteria lacks a true nucleous

A

prokaryotic

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26
Q

staph, strept

infection

A

bacteria

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27
Q

famous in humans for causing an infection called primary atypical pneumonia. No cell wall, smallest free living organism known to man. (SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISM).

A

mycoplasmas

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28
Q

febrile infections mostly spread by insects, e.g., typhus fever.
The infection accompanying these is high fever and last a longer period of time. Flea born or rat, also transmitted by louse or lice. (Sr. Anthony Ricketts).

A

Rickettsia

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29
Q

Strict parasite, smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. Transmitted by seedling birds. NGU – non gonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia - parrot fever, NGU

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30
Q

smallest microorganism known to man. Measles, mumps, flu, hepatitis, smallpox.

A

viruses

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31
Q

smallest form of animal life - malaria, amebic dysentery

A

protozoa

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32
Q

yeast and molds; athlete’s foot, thrush, PCP.

Ability to exist in more than one form – unicellular or multicellular

A

fungi

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33
Q

a small protein like infectious particle

that is resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids. Syndrome – set of signs associated with disease.

A

Prion - creutzfeldt - Jakob (CJ)

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34
Q

Of the eight (8) different families or groups of microorganisms that are a major health importance, which cause the greatest majority of infection in man

A

bacteria

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35
Q

8 different families or groups of microorganisms of major health importance

A 
Bacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Viruses
Protozoa
Fungi
Prion
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36
Q

What does non pathogenic mean?

A

do not cause infection in humans

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37
Q

study of external structure and form of any organism without regard to its function.

A

morphology

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38
Q

largest unit of measurement

A

micron

25,000th of an inch

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39
Q

smallest unit of measurement

A

angstrom

2.5 millionth of an inch

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40
Q

medium unit of measurement

A

nanometer

250,000th of an inch

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41
Q

How many main shapes of bacteria are there?

A

3

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42
Q

a single spherical (round) shaped bacteria.

A

coccus (singular)

Cocci-two or more

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43
Q

a single rod (capsule) shaped bacteria.

A

bacillus (singular)

Bacilli - two or more

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44
Q

a spiral shaped bacteria.

A

spirillum (singular)

Spirilla two or more

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45
Q

comma shaped spirillum bacteria

A

Vibrio

Example: Cholera

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45
Q

corkscrew shaped bacteria

A

Spirochete

Example: Syphilis

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46
Q

pairs - a variation of round shaped bacteria

A

Diplococci

47
Q

grows in clusters of round shaped bacteria - like grapes

A

Staphylococci

48
Q

grow together in chains

A

Streptobacilli

49
Q

the outermost layer which gives shape and integrity (strength) to bacteria; its makeup used to differ among microorganisms; e.g. high lipid (fat) for TB; protein in gram stain (blue if yes, red if no). This test shows if there is protein in the bacteria of TB

50
Q

a thinner, inner layer; controls entry and exit into the bacteria. Regulate entry / exit of food

A

cell membrane

51
Q

any living substance present in the cell

52
Q

This Jelly like material is located around the outside of certain bacteria.. It protects it against a natural process of the body, phagocytosis. Thus enhancing virulence of M.O.

A

capsule (slime layer)

53
Q

when the body attempts to destroy anything foreign, this is known as

A

phagocytosis

54
Q

surrounds, ingests and destroys anything foreign. A natural process which your body attempts to accomplish. An attempt to try to protect your body against anything foreign. Thus any organism that invades your body and has a slime capsule is more likely to cause infection because of the slime structure. It will take the bodies white blood cells longer to defend against the organism.

A

phagocytosis

cell ingestion

55
Q

the likelihood an organism will cause infection in man. The presence of a slime layer will enhance the likelihood the bacteria will cause infection. Relative power to produce a disease.

56
Q

located on outside of certain bacteria; protects cells from phagocytosis, thus enhancing virulence of the microorganisms

A

capsule

slime layer

57
Q

best means of protection any microorganism can possess; not a means of reproduction; only one per cell, when formed; Bacillus and Clostridium only two bacteria that could form spores.

A

Endospore - (Inside)

58
Q

only two bacteria that could form spores

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

59
Q
  • grows in the presence of oxygen
A

Bacillus aerobic

60
Q
  • grows without the presence of oxygen.
A

Clostridium anaerobic

61
Q

aureus is to what…

A

Staphylococcus

62
Q

any bacteria that could never form endospores, or any bacteria that can produce endospores, but currently is not producing them. Never form endospores, a bacteria that does not have a genus name

A

vegetative bacteria

63
Q

any bacteria currently producing endospores. This occurs only under adverse living conditions of the bacteria. Never more than one spore at a time.

A

sporulating bacteria

64
Q

when a free endospore forms new vegetative cells when good living conditions return

A

germinating bacteria

65
Q

used for movement of bacteria; long, whip like structures attached to the outside of the cell. There are many variations as to how many and where they are located. (e.g. monotrichous and peritrichous) Move to another food source or away from the enemy.

66
Q

One (long single) whip like structure

A

Monotrichous

67
Q

Several whip like structures

A

Peritrichous

68
Q

shorter than Flagella and used to aid in attachment of an organism to the site of infection; e.g. Gonorrhea.

A

Pili

“Little Hairs”

69
Q

This means a MUST behavior

A

Strict or obligate

70
Q

staph, strept. Infection.

71
Q

famous in humans for causing an infection called primary atypical pneumonia. No cell wall, smallest free living organism known to man. (SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISM).

A

Mycoplasmas

72
Q

febrile infections mostly spread by insects, e.g., typhus fever.
The infection accompanying these is high fever and last a longer period of time. Flea born or rat, also transmitted by louse or lice. (

A

Rickettsia

73
Q

Who is rickettsia named after?

A

Sr. Anthony Ricketts

74
Q

parrot fever, NGU. Strict parasite, smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. Transmitted by seedling birds. NGU – non gonococcal urethritis

75
Q
  • smallest microorganism known to man. That can not be seen with the ordinary compound microscope.
    Ex: Measles, mumps, flu, hepatitis, smallpox.
76
Q

smallest form of animal life - malaria, amebic dysentery.

77
Q

yeast and molds; athlete’s foot, thrush, PCP.

Ability to exist in more than one form – unicellular or multicellular

78
Q
  • It tells about the morphology - the external structure or form.
79
Q

*It will tell one of the names an infection will cause.

80
Q

Name for any living thing will ALWAYS be what???

A

CAPITALIZED

81
Q

Smallest FREE living organism

A

Mycoplasmas

82
Q

pneumoniae is to what…

A

Streptococcus

83
Q

meningitidis is to what…

84
Q

typhi is to what…

A

Salmonella

85
Q

influenzae is to…

A

Hemophilus

86
Q

Endospore formation only happens under…

A

Adverse conditions

87
Q

Also known as cell injestion

A

Phagocytosis

88
Q

Pus indicates that…

A

Infection is still present

89
Q
  • a visible growth of bacteria growing on a culture medium ​(nutrient, broth, blood agar).
A

Bacterial colony

90
Q
  • the material you attempt to grow bacteria…. Nutrient, broth, ​blood agar.
A

Medium

​

91
Q
  • to grow in a laboratory setting bacteria in a medium of nutrient, ​broth, ​or blood agar.
92
Q
  • all bacteria - pathogens are so classified and must have a source of carbon. Bacteria that obtain their food from inorganic matter. They manufacture their own carbon.
A

Autotrophic bacteria

93
Q
  • all organisms that cause​infection in man are classified as heterotrophic and obtain their food from organic matter - food that contains carbon. Humans contain carbon - glucose.
A

Heterotrophic bacteria

94
Q

a must behavior - a bacteria that ​must obtain its food from dead organic matter.

A

Strict or (obligate) saprophytes

95
Q
  • must obtain their food from ​living organic matter. viruses.

​

A

Strict or (obligate) parasites

96
Q
  • bacteria that can obtain their food from ​dead or living organic matter.
A

Facultative bacteria

97
Q

bacteria that must have presence of oxygen to live.

A

Strict (obligate) aerobes -

​

98
Q

bacteria that must have absence of oxygen to live.

A

Strict (obligate) anaerobes -

​

99
Q

bacteria that must have the presence of oxygen to live, but at a level less than that required of humans

A

​Microaerophiles

100
Q

bacteria that can live in the presence or absence of oxygen.

A

​Facultative bacteria

101
Q

Excess water

A

​Edema

​

102
Q

loss of water

A

Dehydration

103
Q

pH stands for…

A

percentage of HYDROGEN ion in solution

104
Q

Any reading above 7 is…

A

​slightly alkaline for most pathogens.

105
Q

The living human body’s pH is…

A

7.4 slightly alkaline.

​

106
Q

Pathogens are slightly…

107
Q

The only normal pH is…

108
Q

The pH of milk is about…

109
Q

The pH of blood is about…

110
Q

The pH of a body that is stiff as a board is…

A

5 (slightly acidic)

111
Q

Battery acid pH is…

A

1 (highly acidic)

112
Q

The higher alkaline the more…

A

Bitter the taste

113
Q

Smallest form of animal life

114
Q

In regards to BACTERIA…if there are two or more the answer ends with a…

Comps Sciences (29 decks)

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