Microbiology Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
scientific study of MO’s and their effect on other living organisms (study of small life).
A
Microbiology
2
Q
MO stands for
A
Microorganism
3
Q
Classification or naming of all living things
A
Taxonomy
4
Q
Ability to exist in either one cell or multi cell form
A
DIMORPHISM
5
Q
Study of external structure and form of organism without regard to its function
*generally indicated by the genus name of MO
A
Morphology
6
Q
white blood cell eating
A
Phagocytosis
7
Q
likelihood disease causes infection to human of MO
A
Virulence
8
Q
DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY:
A
- BACTERIOLOGY
- RICKETTSIOLOGY
- VIROLOGY
- PROTOZOOLOGY
- MYCOLOGY
9
Q
Study of bacteria
A
BACTERIOLOGY
10
Q
Study of Rickettsia (infection usually from bugs or insects)
A
RICKETTSIOLOGY
11
Q
Study of viruses (smallest organisms known to man, that cannot be viewed by
compound microscope).
A
VIROLOGY
12
Q
Study of protozoa (smallest form of animal life – i.e. ameba)
A
PROTOZOOLOGY
13
Q
Study of fungi (plural)or fungus (singular) (study of yeasts and mold)
A
MYCOLOGY –
14
Q
fungi have the ability to exist in one cell or multi-cell form, called
A
DIMORPHISM
15
Q
7 Classification of Living Things
A
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
16
Q
of all living things is always Capitalized.
A
Genus (name)
17
Q
the lowest level classification of any living thing.
A
species
18
Q
is always in small letters.
A
species
19
Q
If the________ name does not tell us an _______ it causes, it will usually tell us a _____________
A
species
infection
laboratory characteristic
20
Q
grows in clusters ( yellow pus)
A
staph
21
Q
grows in chains
A
strept
22
Q
What percentage of microorganisms are non-pathegentic
A
87%
23
Q
What percentage can cause infection to man
A
13%
24
Q
most bacteria reproduce by binary fission (simple transverse division); an “A” sexual means
A
Bacterial typical reproduction - .
25
bacteria lacks a true nucleous
prokaryotic
26
staph, strept
| infection
bacteria
27
famous in humans for causing an infection called primary atypical pneumonia. No cell wall, smallest free living organism known to man. (SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISM).
mycoplasmas
28
febrile infections mostly spread by insects, e.g., typhus fever.
The infection accompanying these is high fever and last a longer period of time. Flea born or rat, also transmitted by louse or lice. (Sr. Anthony Ricketts).
Rickettsia
29
Strict parasite, smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. Transmitted by seedling birds. NGU – non gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia - parrot fever, NGU
30
smallest microorganism known to man. Measles, mumps, flu, hepatitis, smallpox.
viruses
31
smallest form of animal life - malaria, amebic dysentery
protozoa
32
yeast and molds; athlete’s foot, thrush, PCP.
| Ability to exist in more than one form – unicellular or multicellular
fungi
33
a small protein like infectious particle
| that is resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids. Syndrome – set of signs associated with disease.
Prion - creutzfeldt - Jakob (CJ)
34
Of the eight (8) different families or groups of microorganisms that are a major health importance, which cause the greatest majority of infection in man
bacteria
35
8 different families or groups of microorganisms of major health importance
```
Bacteria
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Viruses
Protozoa
Fungi
Prion
```
36
What does non pathogenic mean?
do not cause infection in humans
37
study of external structure and form of any organism without regard to its function.
morphology
38
largest unit of measurement
micron
| 25,000th of an inch
39
smallest unit of measurement
angstrom
| 2.5 millionth of an inch
40
medium unit of measurement
nanometer
| 250,000th of an inch
41
How many main shapes of bacteria are there?
3
42
a single spherical (round) shaped bacteria.
coccus (singular)
| Cocci-two or more
43
a single rod (capsule) shaped bacteria.
bacillus (singular)
| Bacilli - two or more
44
a spiral shaped bacteria.
spirillum (singular)
| Spirilla two or more
45
comma shaped spirillum bacteria
Vibrio
| Example: Cholera
45
corkscrew shaped bacteria
Spirochete
| Example: Syphilis
46
pairs - a variation of round shaped bacteria
Diplococci
47
grows in clusters of round shaped bacteria - like grapes
Staphylococci
48
grow together in chains
Streptobacilli
49
the outermost layer which gives shape and integrity (strength) to bacteria; its makeup used to differ among microorganisms; e.g. high lipid (fat) for TB; protein in gram stain (blue if yes, red if no). This test shows if there is protein in the bacteria of TB
cell wall
50
a thinner, inner layer; controls entry and exit into the bacteria. Regulate entry / exit of food
cell membrane
51
any living substance present in the cell
cytoplasm
52
This Jelly like material is located around the outside of certain bacteria.. It protects it against a natural process of the body, phagocytosis. Thus enhancing virulence of M.O.
capsule (slime layer)
53
when the body attempts to destroy anything foreign, this is known as
phagocytosis
54
surrounds, ingests and destroys anything foreign. A natural process which your body attempts to accomplish. An attempt to try to protect your body against anything foreign. Thus any organism that invades your body and has a slime capsule is more likely to cause infection because of the slime structure. It will take the bodies white blood cells longer to defend against the organism.
phagocytosis
| cell ingestion
55
the likelihood an organism will cause infection in man. The presence of a slime layer will enhance the likelihood the bacteria will cause infection. Relative power to produce a disease.
virulence
56
located on outside of certain bacteria; protects cells from phagocytosis, thus enhancing virulence of the microorganisms
capsule
| slime layer
57
best means of protection any microorganism can possess; not a means of reproduction; only one per cell, when formed; Bacillus and Clostridium only two bacteria that could form spores.
Endospore - (Inside)
58
only two bacteria that could form spores
Bacillus and Clostridium
59
- grows in the presence of oxygen
Bacillus aerobic
60
- grows without the presence of oxygen.
Clostridium anaerobic
61
aureus is to what...
Staphylococcus
62
any bacteria that could never form endospores, or any bacteria that can produce endospores, but currently is not producing them. Never form endospores, a bacteria that does not have a genus name
vegetative bacteria
63
any bacteria currently producing endospores. This occurs only under adverse living conditions of the bacteria. Never more than one spore at a time.
sporulating bacteria
64
when a free endospore forms new vegetative cells when good living conditions return
germinating bacteria
65
used for movement of bacteria; long, whip like structures attached to the outside of the cell. There are many variations as to how many and where they are located. (e.g. monotrichous and peritrichous) Move to another food source or away from the enemy.
flagella
66
One (long single) whip like structure
Monotrichous
67
Several whip like structures
Peritrichous
68
shorter than Flagella and used to aid in attachment of an organism to the site of infection; e.g. Gonorrhea.
Pili
| “Little Hairs”
69
This means a MUST behavior
Strict or obligate
70
staph, strept. Infection.
Bacteria
71
famous in humans for causing an infection called primary atypical pneumonia. No cell wall, smallest free living organism known to man. (SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISM).
Mycoplasmas
72
febrile infections mostly spread by insects, e.g., typhus fever.
The infection accompanying these is high fever and last a longer period of time. Flea born or rat, also transmitted by louse or lice. (
Rickettsia
73
Who is rickettsia named after?
Sr. Anthony Ricketts
74
parrot fever, NGU. Strict parasite, smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. Transmitted by seedling birds. NGU – non gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia
75
- smallest microorganism known to man. That can not be seen with the ordinary compound microscope.
Ex: Measles, mumps, flu, hepatitis, smallpox.
Viruses
76
smallest form of animal life - malaria, amebic dysentery.
Protozoa
77
yeast and molds; athlete’s foot, thrush, PCP.
| Ability to exist in more than one form – unicellular or multicellular
Fungi
78
* It tells about the morphology - the external structure or form.
Genus
79
*It will tell one of the names an infection will cause.
species
80
Name for any living thing will ALWAYS be what???
CAPITALIZED
81
Smallest FREE living organism
Mycoplasmas
82
pneumoniae is to what...
Streptococcus
83
meningitidis is to what...
Neisseria
84
typhi is to what...
Salmonella
85
influenzae is to...
Hemophilus
86
Endospore formation only happens under...
Adverse conditions
87
Also known as cell injestion
Phagocytosis
88
Pus indicates that...
Infection is still present
89
- a visible growth of bacteria growing on a culture medium (nutrient, broth, blood agar).
Bacterial colony
90
- the material you attempt to grow bacteria.... Nutrient, broth, blood agar.
Medium
91
- to grow in a laboratory setting bacteria in a medium of nutrient, broth, or blood agar.
Culture
92
- all bacteria - pathogens are so classified and must have a source of carbon. Bacteria that obtain their food from inorganic matter. They manufacture their own carbon.
Autotrophic bacteria
93
- all organisms that causeinfection in man are classified as heterotrophic and obtain their food from organic matter - food that contains carbon. Humans contain carbon - glucose.
Heterotrophic bacteria
94
a must behavior - a bacteria that must obtain its food from dead organic matter.
Strict or (obligate) saprophytes
95
- must obtain their food from living organic matter. viruses.
Strict or (obligate) parasites
96
- bacteria that can obtain their food from dead or living organic matter.
Facultative bacteria
97
bacteria that must have presence of oxygen to live.
Strict (obligate) aerobes -
98
bacteria that must have absence of oxygen to live.
Strict (obligate) anaerobes -
99
bacteria that must have the presence of oxygen to live, but at a level less than that required of humans
Microaerophiles
100
bacteria that can live in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Facultative bacteria
101
Excess water
Edema
|
102
loss of water
Dehydration
103
pH stands for...
percentage of HYDROGEN ion in solution
104
Any reading above 7 is...
slightly alkaline for most pathogens.
105
The living human body's pH is...
7.4 slightly alkaline.
|
106
Pathogens are slightly...
alkaline
107
The only normal pH is...
Water
108
The pH of milk is about...
13
109
The pH of blood is about...
7.3-7.4
110
The pH of a body that is stiff as a board is...
5 (slightly acidic)
111
Battery acid pH is...
1 (highly acidic)
112
The higher alkaline the more...
Bitter the taste
113
Smallest form of animal life
Protozoa
114
In regards to BACTERIA...if there are two or more the answer ends with a...
Vowel
