3rd Quarter Pathology Test 5 Flashcards
Predisposing factors of diseases of the heart & blood vessels
- Heredity
- Obesity5
- Diabetes
- Elevated cholesterol levels
- Social factors
condition or factors that make a person more susceptible to a disease.
Predisposing factors
Social factors regarding predisposing factors…
a) Smoking
b) Substance abuse
c) Stress - type A personality
d) Diet
Types of Heart conditions….
- Dilatation
- Hypertrophy
- Endocarditis
- Valvular defects
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Coronary artery disease
- Cardiac failure
- Myocardial infarcation
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Cardiomyopathy
- Carditis
Dilatation used as a verb…
dilation
usually a temporary condition…INCREASE in the LENGTH or STRETCHING of heart muscle fibers.
dilatation
usually a permanent condition…INCREASE in size of the heart muscle by an INCREASE in the SIZE of the heart cells itself.
hypertrophy
inflammation of the endocardium
endocarditis
inner most layer of the heart…the layer of the heart in which heart valves are made.
endocardium
Types of Valvular Defects…
- insufficiency
- stenosis
- prolapse
incompetence…failure of a heart valve to close or seat properly.
insufficiency
narrowing…a reduction or narrowing in the size of the opening controlled by a heart valve.
stenosis
weakening…(collapse) in the wall of a heart cusp making up a heart valve.
prolapse
inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
sac surrounding the heart
pericardium
inflammation of the myocaredium
myocarditis
muscle layer of the heart
myocardium
this heart disease is CONTAGIOUS…caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes and Ashoff bodies.
Rheumatic heart disease
a strict pathogen
streptococcus pyogenes
scar tissue which form in persons who recover from the childhood disease rheumatic fever
ashoff bodies
a disease affecting the coronary arteries
coronary artery disease
disease of the major vascular system of the body that conveys blood…Veins, Arteries, & Capillaries
blood vessel disease
inflammation of the arteries
arteritis
hardening of the blood vessels.
arteriosclerosis
This is a CHRONIC or slowly progressive disease. The late stage of hardening of the arteries. Seen mostly in the femoral arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
Diseases of the THE BLOOD VESSELS
- Arteritis
- Arteriosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Phlebitis
- Varicose veins
weakness in the wall of an artery…found mostly at the splitting of OR just above the bifurcation of the Abdominal Aorta.
Aneurysm
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
dilated or engorged superficial veins. Can NOT be surgically removed
varicose veins
varicose veins are also called…
varices
this is the earlier stage of hardening of the arteries that have the presence or formation of ATHEROMAS.
Atherosclerosis
fatty plaques
Atheromas
tends to form in Tortuous Arteries…
atherosclerosis
arteries that can quickly change the volume of blood flow that is flowing through them in a short period of time.
tortuous arteries
Atherosclerosis are related to all of the following PER OUR NOTES
*****
Coronary Arteries
Cerebral Arterial Arteries (circle of willis)
Inflammation of vein due to the presence of an attached blood clot
Thrombophlebitis
most patients with thrombophlebitis are put on…
blood thinners
Types of CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- Thrombosis
- Spasms
- Embolism
the presence of an attached blood clot during life in the coronary arteries
thrombosis
the presence of a free floating object in the blood stream
embolism
abnormal contraction of the heart muscle
spasms
spasms can also be called…
fibrillation
Groups of diseases of the blood
Reactive Change
Anemia
Hemopoietic disorders
Bleeding disorders
Types of Reactive Changes in diseases of the blood
- Leukocytosis
2. Leukopenia
a SUDDEN and TEMPORARY INCREASE in the total number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS, as part of a natural inflammatory response-injury
Leukocytosis
A decrease in the total number of white blood cells due to disease.
Bone marrow not producing proper number of white blood cells.
Leukopenia
white blood cells…
leukocytes
The biggest cause of LEUKOPENIA is ___________________ not producing the proper number of ______________________.
Bone marrow
White blood cells
a DECREASE in the total number of RED BLOOD cells, hemoglobin, or both.
anemia
this literally means, the absence of or lack of blood
anemia
Types of Anemia
- Primary
2. Secondary
a previously existing condition which causes anemia
secondary anemia
example of secondary anemia
leukemia
the first disease by which a person is diagnosed
primary anemia
formation of all blood cells that occurs in the bone marrow
hemopoiesis
type of hemopoietic disorders
- Leukemia
2. Polycythemia vera
Cancer of the blood - a malignant tumor of the blood forming organs characterized by excess production of improperly functioning white blood cells.
leukemia
A disease in which a person is producing excess numbers of red blood cells or erythrocytes.
This causes blood to become thicker or increase viscosity which reduces the blood flow and increases the tendency to form clots.
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera is also known as…
erythrocytosis
types of bleeding disorders
- Hemophilia
- Purpura
- Thrombocytopenia
(an affinity for blood) Bleeders disease, a hereditary disease in male offspring characterized by the absence of an essential clotting factor. (factor 8)
hemophilia