Pathology Exam 4 Flashcards
An abnormal new growth
Neoplasms (tumors)
enclosed sack like pouches that have a definite wall; usually containing a liquid, solid or semi-solid material
cysts
neoplasms are also called
tumors
a type of cyst present on the ovary. Most are caused by excess scar tissue from the deterioration of a graafian follicle
Ovarian cyst (dermoid)
a rare ovarian cyst that contains a waxy tissue and other structures not normally found in the body - like teeth or hair follicles
Dermoid cyst
an abnormal sack like structure located on a sebaceous or oil gland.
Sebaccous cyst (wen)
another name for Sebaccous cyst
wen
the manner or method in which the growth occurs
Non-neoplastic changes
three types of non-neoplastic changes
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
a non-neoplastic change; excess growth; an increase in size of a body part or organ by an increase in size of the cells already present.
Hypertrophy
three types of hypertrophy
Physiological hypertrophy
Pathological hypertrophy
Compensatory hypertrophy
a type of hypertrophy; an increase in size of a body part or organ due to increased functional demand. Examples: The increase in size of the female uterus in preparation of pregnancy, breast tissue due to lactation.
Physiological hypertrophy
a type of hypertrophy;an increase in size of a body part or organ due to disease - tumors. Example: Wilm’s tumor, a rare tumor of the kidney in children.
Pathological hypertrophy
a type of hypertrophy;an increase in size of a body part or organ to compensate or make up for the loss of a similar or paired organ. Example: removal of a kidney, the other kidney would compensate; also the lungs, the lungs have the ability to work after the other has been removed
Compensatory hypertrophy
a non-neoplastic change; excess growth; an increase in size of a body part or organ by an increase in the total number of cells making it up.
Hyperplasia
a non-neoplastic change; the replacement of one type of tissue with another type of tissue not normally found in that part of the body. Example: oat cell carcinoma
Metaplasia
Classification of neoplasms or tumors
Clinical
Histological
the state of a disease
clinical classification
benign or malignant
GENERALLY a suffix of oma. Generally this type of tumor will not kill.
benign
malignant tumor of connective tissue (bone cancer) occurs in persons under 30
sarcoma
malignant tumor of tissue of epithelial tissue (breast cancer or lung cancer) occurring in persons between 45- 60.
carcinoma
when a tumor is classified by tissue of origin; what tissue it originated first. Shown by its prefix
histological
ALL of this type of tumor, if left untreated will kill
malignant
benign tumor characteristics(5)
- Grow by expansion.
- Don’t metastasize - don’t spread.
- Don’t recur after surgery - removal or treatment.
- Don’t cause great tissue damage.
- Resemble original tissue of origin.
malignant tumor characteristics(5)
- Grow by the process called infiltration. They take over existing tissue.
- Mestatasize (spread) - the process by which a malignancy spreads itself to other parts of the body. Usually by means of the lymph or blood stream.
- Can reoccur after surgery.
- Cause extensive tissue damage.
- No resemblance to original tissue of origin.
lining tissue. Also the inner most tissue.
Epithelial tissue
BENIGN NEOPLASMS of Epithelial tissue (3)
1) Adenoma
2) Papilloma (polyp) .
3) Nevus (mole)
glandular - a benign tumor of glandular epithelial.
Adenoma
a benign tumor of epithelial that appears as a pedestal stalk like growth. Most frequently in the nasal cavity or intestinal track
Papilloma (polyp)
a benign pigmented tumor. A shade of brown or black. Localized and well defined.
Nevus (mole)
another name for papilloma
polyp
another name for nevus
mole
a benign tumor of muscle tissue
myoma
benign neoplasms of muscle tissue (2)
Rhabdomyoma - skeletal -
Leiomyoma - smooth -
a benign tumor of skeletal muscle tissue.
Rhabdomyoma
a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue.
Leiomyoma