Terry 8

Question 1

short term memory

Answer 1

memory limited both in duration and capacity; active control processes are used (how to code, where to direct attention…)

Question 2

short term retention

Answer 2

measured in retention tests to show retention of information in STM

Question 3

primary memory

Answer 3

conscious memory- short term

Question 4

secondary memory

Answer 4

long term, not immediately conscious

Question 5

working memory

Answer 5

separate stores for verbal and spatial information. short term memory is useful- where we notice if we’re working, do calculations. it’s a work bench. ACTIVE model

Question 6

distractor task

Answer 6

used to quantify duration of immediate memory over delayed intervals; provide something to be learned then have them do a task, then recall items

Question 7

memory span

Answer 7

longest sequence of items that can e recalled in correct order after a single presentation

Question 8

proactive interference

Answer 8

information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently

Question 9

release from proactive interference

Answer 9

it’s hard to remember items in the same category because of proactive interference, but when you step in and offer different category, recall improves

Question 10

word length effect

Answer 10

can remember more items when they’re shorter words

Question 11

Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Answer 11

info comes into STM and if it stays there for long enough it goes into LTM. PASSIVE model

Question 12

acoustic coding

Answer 12

how information is encoding in short term memory, in terms of sound- important in STM. what the word sounds like, using the sound to repeat it to ourselves (passive)

Question 13

consolidation

Answer 13

transfer from STM into LTM

Question 14

suffix effect

Answer 14

saying something at the end of a task may cause a previous item to be booted out from the STM; must be a speech syllable

Question 15

articulation hypothesis

Answer 15

part of what limits formation of items in STM is how you pronounce them

Question 16

chunking

Answer 16

breaking down something long into meaningful units to increase the amount you can hold in STM

Question 17

apparent capacity

Answer 17

memory capacity can appear larger

Question 18

limited duration

Answer 18

items in STM fade after a certain amount of time

Question 19

distractor test

Answer 19

introduce items for a person to remember, but prevent them from rehearsing

Question 20

Baddiley and Hitch memory model

Answer 20

2 different kinds of memory- you can hold 7 verbal items and 7 images

Question 21

phonological loop

Answer 21

storage of verbal material in STM; processing and remembering

Question 22

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 22

retains visual/spatial information

Question 23

executive functioning

Answer 23

focus, allocate, distribute attention over tasks

Question 24

episodic buffer

Answer 24

integrates info across phonological/visual, central executive, and info entry and retrieval from LTM. bridge between what you’re learning and how it relates to LTM which is why you can remember things longer than 7 items in STM if it’s like a phrase

Question 25

central executive memory

Answer 25

controls and deploys attention (dual tasks by switching back and forth or focusing half on each one). coordinates stored information, does problem solving/planning

Question 26

semantic encoding

Answer 26

in LTM you remember words based on their meanings rather than their sounds- more likely to mix up synonyms than words that sound alike (active)

Question 27

KF

Answer 27

can form long term memories but not short term memories- evidence that info can bypass short term memory, or that there are different types of STM and he just can’t do verbal

Question 28

verbal encoding

Answer 28

when shown an image, people recode it into words and rehearse the words

Question 29

delayed matching to sample procedure

Answer 29

a sample stimulus is remembered, then after a brief delay, choices of stimuli are given. when the participant chooses the one that matches the sample they get a reward

Question 30

control processes

Answer 30

after presenting stimuli, the tester tells you you don’t have to remember them and you instantly forget them

Question 31

verbal suppression technique

Answer 31

repeat irrelevant speech sounds while remembering a string of words; remembering a picture while performing a visual tracking task. a single STM store is doing 2 things at once, so interference occurs

Question 32

effects of age

Answer 32

need more study time, slower to switch from one task to another, more distracted by other stimuli in the environment

Question 33

stereotype threat

Answer 33

when there’s a negative stereotype about mental ability in a group, making the person in that group think about it will lower their performance

Question 34

memory-attribute model

Answer 34

memories are complex and contain several attributes (auditory + visual etc) the rate of forgetting may be different for each attribute

Question 35

multistore theory

Answer 35

STM has a limited capacity, old items can be displaced by new items, rehearsal of info sends it to the LTM, STM does control processes