Malott 19 & 20

Question 1

concurrent contingencies

Answer 1

more than one contingency operating at the same time

Question 2

differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Answer 2

give a reinforcement for any behavior except the one you want to diminish (concurrent schedule) only involves reinforcement

Question 3

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors

Answer 3

reinforce a good behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as a bad behavior (that way you’re reinforcing the good and not allowing the bad to happen)

Question 4

differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors

Answer 4

enforce what you want them to do, punish what you want them to stop- they can do both at the same time [use the reinforcer that they used to get from the bad behavior to reinforce the good behavior]

Question 5

action rule

Answer 5

to change behavior, use behavior, not words

Question 6

continuous-response avoidance

Answer 6

keep doing the behavior continuously to avoid the loss of reinforcers

Question 7

matching law

Answer 7

your behaviors match the available reinforcements in the environment

Question 8

symptom substitution

Answer 8

problem behaviors are symptoms of an underlying mental illness; if you get rid of a symptom another will take its place until you get rid of the underlying mental illness

Question 9

forward chain

Answer 9

reinforce one behavior until it’s well established, then require that they do that and then another, then they get the reinforcement. keep reinforcing the chain until it gets to where you want

Question 10

behavioral chain

Answer 10

each behavior produces a stimulus that reinforces the behavior that caused it. that stimulus is also an SD for the next behavior

Question 11

dual-functioning chained stimuli

Answer 11

a stimulus in a behavioral chain reinforces the behavior that came before it, and is an SD for the following behavior

Question 12

total-task presentation

Answer 12

simultaneous training of all links in a behavioral chain- do the whole chain at once. ex: teaching how to brush teeth

Question 13

backward chaining

Answer 13

establish the final link in a behavioral chain, then add each preceding link until you get to the beginning

Question 14

differential reinforcement of low rate

Answer 14

reinforcement for each behavior that follows the behavior before it by at least some minimal delay

Question 15

least restrictive alternative

Answer 15

use punishment as a last resort, be as kind as possible

Question 16

right to effective treatment

Answer 16

the client has the right to be treated effectively, which is why we do sometimes use punishment procedures

Question 17

rate-limiting step

Answer 17

introduce something to slow down the rate of the chain

Question 18

symptom substitution

Answer 18

problem behaviors are symptoms of an underlying mental illness, so if you get rid of one another will replace it until you cure the illness