Malott 10 & 11

Question 1

aggression reinforcers

Answer 1

an aversive condition (stimulus) that establishes aggressive behavior as reinforcing (either in the case of aversive stimulation or extinction)

Question 2

aggression principle

Answer 2

aversive stimuli and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers

Question 3

addictive reinforcer

Answer 3

a reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation (ex: addictive drugs)

Question 4

learned reinforcer

Answer 4

a stimulus that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with another reinforcer

Question 5

pairing procedure

Answer 5

pairing a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or aversive stimulus so it becomes learned

Question 6

generalized learned reinforcer

Answer 6

a learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers

Question 7

token economy

Answer 7

a system of generalized learned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later

Question 8

learned aversive stimulus

Answer 8

a stimulus that is aversive because it has been paired with another aversive stimulus

Question 9

generalized learned aversive stimulus

Answer 9

a learned aversive stimulus that is aversive because it was paired with a variety of other aversive stimuli or conditions and/or the loss of a variety of other reinforcers

Question 10

conditional stimulus

Answer 10

elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be relatively neutral

Question 11

value-altering principle

Answer 11

the pairing procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a learned reinforcer/learned aversive stimulus

Question 12

reversal design

Answer 12

used to determine the causality of a reinforcement procedure; do the reinforcement, then extinguish it, then begin it again and see the behavior back to where it was before

Question 13

imprinted reinforcer

Answer 13

a reinforcer that acquires its unlearned reinforcing properties as a result of being the first stimulus the organism contacts during a brief period shortly after birth (not learned or unlearned- acquired)

Question 14

hedonic reinforcers/learned aversive stimuli

Answer 14

reinforcing or aversive in their own right, even when they won’t lead to reinforcers or stimuli (ex: a stranger smiling at you or frowning- nothing will come of it but it still affects you)

Question 15

instrumental learned reinforcers and aversive stimuli

Answer 15

reinforcing or aversive only because they are instrumental in producing a backup reinforcer or aversive stimulus