Terry 7

Question 1

short term memory

Answer 1

where information goes first, stays when we reintroduce it or rehearse it; used in exposure, rehearsal, and pulling LTM info out. very brief duration, limited capacity, conscious memory

Question 2

primacy effect

Answer 2

remember items at the beginning better (LTM) (happens more when you learn at a slower pace, less if it’s at a faster rate)

Question 3

serial position curve

Answer 3

obtained in free recall tasks- how an item’s position in a list of item affects how well it’s recalled (usually looks like a U)

Question 4

long term memory

Answer 4

if it stays in short term memory long enough it’s transferred; storage location, can be pulled back to short term memory through retrieval. once info is here it’s there permanently; subconscious memory; infinite capacity

Question 5

recency effect

Answer 5

remember items at the end better (STM)

Question 6

episodic memory

Answer 6

declarative; events/stories (when/where?)

Question 7

semantic memory

Answer 7

declarative; the meaning (who/what?)

Question 8

word frequency effect

Answer 8

when given a list of words and asked to identify them later, subjects are more likely to identify low-frequency because they can attribute them to this situation, whereas high frequency they see so often that they can’t be sure whether they saw it here or somewhere else

Question 9

explicit memory

Answer 9

actively trying to learn it; can verbalize

Question 10

implicit memory

Answer 10

you’re unaware of acquiring this memory; can’t verbalize, but can demonstrate

Question 11

procedural learning

Answer 11

knowledge of how to do things (perceptual, motor, cognitive skills); knowing how (rather than knowing THAT)

Question 12

priming

Answer 12

identification of one stimulus is facilitated by prior exposure to that stimulus

Question 13

depth of processing theory

Answer 13

the more effort you put into learning the material, the more likely you are to understand the info later (shallow vs deep rather than different modes)

Question 14

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 14

repeat something over and over again to keep it fresh in short term memory so you can use it, then it fades after you use it (ex: phone number)

Question 15

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 15

deeper processing/understanding of material in order to remember it longer

Question 16

incidental learning

Answer 16

not on purpose learning

Question 17

transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 17

thinking about something in the most applicable way (ex: in terms of math vs in terms of history- you gain speed when you’re thinking on the same topic) cognitive

Question 18

delta rule

Answer 18

every experience changes the amount of strength with which synapses are connected until they reach a maximum amount of strength

Question 19

psychogenic amnesia

Answer 19

amnesia coming from psychological trauma

Question 20

retrograde amnesia

Answer 20

can’t remember memories that were created in the past

Question 21

anterograde amnesia

Answer 21

can’t create new memories

Question 22

amnesic syndrome

Answer 22

can’t form new long term memories but have a reasonable short term memory; trouble forming semantic/episodic, but can do procedural

Question 23

korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 23

show retrograde and anterograde amnesia; people who consume high amounts of alcohol and don’t get all their vitamins, a part of the brain is degenerated and it’s associated with memories

Question 24

dual store theory

Answer 24

we have 2 kinds of memory: short term and long term

Question 25

Atkinson-Shiffrin modal model of memory

Answer 25

info goes into short term memory then long term memory

Question 26

HM

Answer 26

evidence that STM and LTM exist; part of his brain was removed bc he was having seizures, and he lost the ability to create LTM; can learn procedural without remembering the actual task

Question 27

KF

Answer 27

can’t form STM but can form LTM (implies that info can bypass STM- info may go both into STM and LTM)

Question 28

electroconvulsive shock

Answer 28

therapeutic technique for severe depressions that can’t be helped by chemicals; disrupts moving of most recent info from short term to long term memory

Question 29

intractable depression

Answer 29

drugs don’t help

Question 30

consolidation

Answer 30

moving memory from STM to LTM

Question 31

retrieval failure

Answer 31

it’s in LTM but you can’t pull it out

Question 32

reminder cues

Answer 32

present a cue and the memory will reappear- it’s not permanently lost

Question 33

von Restorf effect

Answer 33

list of all the same items but one in the middle is in all caps; that change is enough to cause retrograde amnesia for the items before

Question 34

serial processing model

Answer 34

you have to go in the order of STM to LTM

Question 35

declarative memories

Answer 35

verbal- you acquired it verbally and can repeat it verbally

Question 36

non-declarative memories

Answer 36

implicit memories- you learned it but you can’t verbalize (ex: procedural, motor skills)

Question 37

amnestic

Answer 37

without memories

Question 38

encoding stage

Answer 38

creating

Question 39

storage stage

Answer 39

putting in memory

Question 40

retrieval stage

Answer 40

getting from memory

Question 41

state dependent learning

Answer 41

have people learn while they’re in a certain state (ex: sober, drunk); you learn better if your in a better encoding state. important to be tested under the same state that you learn in, even if it’s drunk

Question 42

encoding specificity principle

Answer 42

need same cues available during retrieval as during encoding

Question 43

connectionism

Answer 43

the more frequently occurring a couple concepts are together, the more connected those synapses become

Question 44

organic amnesia

Answer 44

comes from a physical loss/injury

Question 45

cryptomnesia

Answer 45

you have acquired some info but you don’t recognize that it exists in the brain. the idea pops into their head as an original concept and they present it as their own idea- not intentional

Question 46

limited psychogenic amnesia

Answer 46

if something aversive happens, you put it out of your mind and you don’t remember even if someone reminds you- if you think hard enough you might (limited to a certain episode)

Question 47

fugue state

Answer 47

forgetting one’s entire past life; not sure if this has ever actually happened before

Question 48

altered perspectives

Answer 48

describe an event from your point of view and after telling it many times you turn to a less personal point of view

Question 49

dissociative personality disorder

Answer 49

people have “multiple” personalities and don’t remember what the other personalities do…but sometimes they do

Question 50

deja vu

Answer 50

a situation is eerily familiar; elements of this circumstance are similar to true events you have experienced

Question 51

misidentity disorder- capgras

Answer 51

feeling of recognizing that something is missing; see someone you know and it seems like they’re not quite that person

Question 52

source amnesia

Answer 52

you know something, but don’t have an episodic trace to identify the where/when of the learning

Question 53

observer memories

Answer 53

memories from the perspective of observing yourself (more often in older, emotional memories)