Malott 15 & 16

Question 1

avoidance

Answer 1

behavior results in removal of aversive stimulus and so that behavior increases- must have had previous experience with escape to know this will work (you recognize a sign)

Question 2

biofeedback

Answer 2

if you had a better idea of what your body was doing you could control its functions better. can’t do this, so you use an instrument

Question 3

avoidance of loss contingency

Answer 3

when you do a behavior you prevent the loss of a reinforcer, so you do that behavior more in the future

Question 4

pre-requisite behavior

Answer 4

paying attention- a behavior that allows you to learn

Question 5

punishment by prevention of removal contingency

Answer 5

if a certain behavior prevents the removal of an aversive condition, the frequency of that behavior will decrease

Question 6

punishment by prevention of a reinforcer contingency

Answer 6

if a behavior prevents a reinforcer from happening, the frequency of that behavior will decrease

Question 7

punishment by prevention of a reinforcer contingency

Answer 7

behavior-contingent prevention of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

Question 8

avoidance contingency

Answer 8

an aversive condition is prevented by a certain behavior, so the frequency of that behavior increases

Question 9

avoidance principle

Answer 9

a behavior becomes mroe frequent in the future if it has prevented an aversive condition in the past

Question 10

eye contact general rule

Answer 10

if you’re having trouble getting someone to listen to you, first make sure you have their eye contact before you start talking

Question 11

principle of avoidance of loss

Answer 11

a behavior becomes more frequent in the future if it has prevented the loss of a reinforcer in the past

Question 12

avoidance of an aversive condition

Answer 12

behavior prevents an aversive condition from being received (it will only happen if they don’t cooperate)

Question 13

removal of an aversive condition

Answer 13

escape- behavior causes an aversive condition to be removed (it was already happening)

Question 14

cued avoidance

Answer 14

a neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive stimulus and becomes a warning stimulus through a value-altering procedure (ESCAPE the warning stimulus, AVOID the aversive stimulus)

Question 15

non-cued avoidance

Answer 15

if a warning stimulus will come every 20 seconds, they can hold the lever down for 19.9 seconds and avoid the aversive stimulus (no cue)

Question 16

difference between loss of a reinforcer and avoidance of an aversive condition

Answer 16

in avoidance, the aversive condition will happen anyway but there are things you can do to prevent it. in penalty, you will lose a reinforcer if you do a certain behavior

Question 17

opposite of punishment

Answer 17

avoidance

Question 18

warning stimulus

Answer 18

stimulus that precedes an aversive condition and thus becomes a learned aversive stimulus

Question 19

conditional stimulus

Answer 19

elements of a sitmulus are neutral when separated but have meaning when combined

Question 20

teleology

Answer 20

using the future as a reason why things happened in the past- error

Question 21

principle of punishment by prevention

Answer 21

if a behavior has prevented removal of an aversive stimulus in the past, it’s less likely to happen again

Question 22

principle of punishment by prevention of a reinforcer

Answer 22

if a behavior has prevented a reinforcer in the past, it’s less likely to happen again

Question 23

prevent the presentation of a reinforcer

Answer 23

punishment

Question 24

prevent the removal of reinforcer

Answer 24

avoidance

Question 25

prevent the presentation of aversive stimulus

Answer 25

avoidance

Question 26

prevent the removal of aversive stimulus

Answer 26

punishment

Question 27

differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Answer 27

reinforcing anything but the one behavior you want to get rid of