Malott 15 & 16 Flashcards
avoidance
behavior results in removal of aversive stimulus and so that behavior increases- must have had previous experience with escape to know this will work (you recognize a sign)
biofeedback
if you had a better idea of what your body was doing you could control its functions better. can’t do this, so you use an instrument
avoidance of loss contingency
when you do a behavior you prevent the loss of a reinforcer, so you do that behavior more in the future
pre-requisite behavior
paying attention- a behavior that allows you to learn
punishment by prevention of removal contingency
if a certain behavior prevents the removal of an aversive condition, the frequency of that behavior will decrease
punishment by prevention of a reinforcer contingency
if a behavior prevents a reinforcer from happening, the frequency of that behavior will decrease
punishment by prevention of a reinforcer contingency
behavior-contingent prevention of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
avoidance contingency
an aversive condition is prevented by a certain behavior, so the frequency of that behavior increases
avoidance principle
a behavior becomes mroe frequent in the future if it has prevented an aversive condition in the past
eye contact general rule
if you’re having trouble getting someone to listen to you, first make sure you have their eye contact before you start talking
principle of avoidance of loss
a behavior becomes more frequent in the future if it has prevented the loss of a reinforcer in the past
avoidance of an aversive condition
behavior prevents an aversive condition from being received (it will only happen if they don’t cooperate)
removal of an aversive condition
escape- behavior causes an aversive condition to be removed (it was already happening)
cued avoidance
a neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive stimulus and becomes a warning stimulus through a value-altering procedure (ESCAPE the warning stimulus, AVOID the aversive stimulus)
non-cued avoidance
if a warning stimulus will come every 20 seconds, they can hold the lever down for 19.9 seconds and avoid the aversive stimulus (no cue)
difference between loss of a reinforcer and avoidance of an aversive condition
in avoidance, the aversive condition will happen anyway but there are things you can do to prevent it. in penalty, you will lose a reinforcer if you do a certain behavior
opposite of punishment
avoidance
warning stimulus
stimulus that precedes an aversive condition and thus becomes a learned aversive stimulus
conditional stimulus
elements of a sitmulus are neutral when separated but have meaning when combined
teleology
using the future as a reason why things happened in the past- error
principle of punishment by prevention
if a behavior has prevented removal of an aversive stimulus in the past, it’s less likely to happen again
principle of punishment by prevention of a reinforcer
if a behavior has prevented a reinforcer in the past, it’s less likely to happen again
prevent the presentation of a reinforcer
punishment
prevent the removal of reinforcer
avoidance
