Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Sagital plane
A
splits body into right and left sides, also called median plane
2
Q
Anatomical position
A
body standing erect, facing forward, arms to side with palms facing forward
3
Q
Parasagital plane
A
parallel to sagital plane but off to one side
4
Q
Coronal plane
A
Or frontal plane, splits everything vertically to front and back
5
Q
Transverse place
A
or horizontal plane, splits everything to top and bottom
6
Q
Axial parts
A
head, neck, and trunk (mid/body section)
7
Q
Appendicular parts
A
arms and legs
8
Q
Anterior
A
front of body, also called ventral
9
Q
Posterior
A
back of body, also called dorsal
10
Q
Superior
A
or cranial, closer to top
11
Q
Inferior
A
or caudal, closer to bottom
12
Q
Medial
A
structures closer to the mid line, (sagital plane)
13
Q
Lateral
A
structures that are farther from mid line like arms
14
Q
Proximal
A
parts closer to the trunk, like shoulder
15
Q
distal
A
parts farther away, like hands
16
Q
deep
A
inside
17
Q
superficial
A
more on the surface
18
Q
Homeostasis
A
body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable interior environment. It’s what keeps us alive.
19
Q
Afferent
A
is ariving
20
Q
Efferent
A
is exiting
21
Q
Negative feedback
A
stimulus causes a change to get our body back to homeostasis, or to our set point
22
Q
positive feedback
A
stimulus causes a change to get our body out of or away from our set point. Much less common, labor contractions and blood clotting
23
Q
Integumentary system
A
What: hair, nails, skin, sweat glands
Function: to protect the body from damage, control body temperature, impede loss of water, and assist in production of vitamin D
24
Q
Skeletal systems
A
-Bones, related cartilage, joints and ligaments
Function: framework for the body that lends support and protection, creates blood cells, permits movements, provides storage for fat and minerals
25
Muscular systems
-muscles and tendons
| Functions: facilitates movement, generates body heat, and sustains body posture
26
Lymphatic system
-Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, various organs
Functions: eliminates foreign materials from circulation, fights illness, regulates tissue fluid levels, and absorbs fatty acids contained in the digestive tract
27
Respiratory system
-Lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles
Function: exchanges molecules of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the external environment and the blood. Also maintains blood pH
28
Digestive system
-Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and various organs
| Function: mechanical and chemical digestion of food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste products from the body
29
Nervous system
-brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Function: sensory perception, exercising control over body movement, cognitive reasoning, and a vast array of physiological processes
30
Endocrine system
-pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, and glands
Function: release of hormones, influences growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and other physiological processes
31
Cardiovascular system
-heart, blood vessels, and blood
Functions: utilizes blood as a vehicle, distributes gasses, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Also helps with immune response and body temperature regulation
32
Urinary system
- Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
| - Function: maintains blood pH, regulates water balance, and expels waste products from blood
33
Female reproductive system
-ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, vagina, and other structures
Function: produces oocytes, provides location for fertilization and fetal development, also produces hormones that facilitate lactation and sexual behaviors and functions
34
Male reproductive system
-penis, testes, other various structure
| Function: production of sperm cells and hormones which facilitate sexual behaviors and functions
35
Caudal
nearer to tail
36
Cephalic
nearer to head
37
Abdominal quadrants
right-upper quadrant | Left-upper quadrant
| Right-lower quadrant | Left-lower quadrant
38
Thoracic cavity
contains lungs and heart
39
Abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs, liver to colon
40
Pelvic cavity
contains reproductive organs and urinary systems
41
transverse sectional
cross section straight up and down
42
longitudinal sectional
cross section that goes the length of the organ, horizontal
43
Oblique sectional
cross section that is at an angle, the cross section is oblique
44
a or an
without or lacking
| ex: anorexia
45
ab-
away from
| ex: abduct
46
ad-
toward or adjacent to
| ex: adduct
47
anti-
agains, opposed, or inhibitive
| ex: antihistamine
48
arthr-
joint
| ex: arthroscopy
49
auto-
self
| ex: autoimmune disease
50
bi-
two
| ex: biceps
51
bio-
life
| ex: biology
52
carcin-
cancer or tumor
| ex: carcinogen
53
cardio-
heart
| ex: cardiology
54
cephal-
head
| ex: encephalitis
55
cerebro-
brain
| ex: cerebrovascular accident
56
chondr-
cartilage
| ex: chondrogenesis
57
circum-
around or round about
| ex: circumcision
58
co-
with or together
| ex: cofactor
59
contra-
against or in opposition to
| ex: contradiction
60
derm-
skin
| ex: dermatologist
61
di-
two
| ex: disaccharide
62
dys-
difficult or abnormal
| ex: dyslexia
63
ecto-
outside or external
| ex: ectopic
64
endo-
inside or within
| ex: endocardium
65
epi-
upon or above
| ex: epidermis
66
erythro-
red
| ex: erythrocyte
67
eu-
well, good, or true
| ex: eukaryote
68
ex-
out of or outside
| ex: excretion
69
glyco-
sweet or sugar
| ex: glycogenolysis
70
hemi-
half
| ex: hemipalegia
71
hepat-
liver
| ex: hepatocyte
72
hist-
tissue
| ex: histology
73
hydro-
water or liquid
| ex: hydrocele
74
hyper-
in excess
| ex: hyperglycemia
75
hypo-
below normal or under
| ex: hypoglycemia
76
infra-
beneath or underneath
| ex: infrapatellar
77
inter-
between
| ex: interosseous
78
intra-
within or inside
| ex: intramuscular
79
iso-
equal
| ex: isotope
80
leuko-
white
| ex: leukocyte
81
macro-
large
| ex: macrophage
82
melano-
black
| ex: melanoma
83
micro-
small
| ex: microscope
84
mono-
one
| ex: monosaccharide
85
multi-
many or multiple
| ex: multicellular
86
myo-
muscle
| ex: myocardial infarction
87
neo-
new
| ex: neovascularization
88
nephro-
kidney
| ex: cystic nephron
89
Neuro-
nerve
| ex: neuroglia
90
oculo-
eye
| ex: ocular
91
odonto-
tooth
| ex: orthodontist
92
oligo-
deficient or few
| ex: oliochromemia
93
opthalm-
eye
| ex: ophthalmology
94
osteo-
bone
| ex: osteoporosis
95
oto-
ear
| ex: otology
96
para-
alongside or beyond
| ex: parathyroid glands
97
peri-
around
| ex: pericardium
98
physio-
related to nature, physical or physics
| ex: physiologic
99
pneumo-
air or gas; pertaining to the lungs
| ex: pneumonia
100
pod-
foot
| ex: podiatrist
101
poly-
many or much
| ex: polysaccharide
102
post-
behind or after
| ex: post-traumatic
103
pre- or pro-
prior to or in front of
| ex: prehypertension
104
psuedo-
false
| ex: pseudo-stratified epithelium
105
sarco-
flesh
| ex: sarcomere
106
semi-
half or partially
| ex: semi-permeable
107
sclero-
hard
| ex: scleroderma
108
somato-
body
| ex: somatic
109
steno-
narrow or close
| ex: aortic stenosis
110
sub-
below or under
| ex: subclavian
111
sym- or syn-
with or together
| ex: symphysis pubis
112
tachy-
fast or rapid
| ex: tachycardia
113
trans-
across or through
| ex: transcutaneous
114
viscer-
pertaining to internal organs
| ex: visceral fat
115
-able
capable
| ex: teachable
116
-algia
pain
| ex: fibromyalgia
117
-blast
bud, usually referring cells which are primitive in nature
| ex: chondroblast
118
-clast
pertaining to breaking to tearing down
| ex: osteoclast
119
-duct
to lead or draw
| ex: adduct or abduct
120
-ectomy
to excise or to cut out
| ex: cholecystectomy
121
-emia
blood
| ex: leukemia
122
-genesis
origin or production
| ex: glycogenesis
123
-gram
a drawing
| ex: sonogram
124
-graph
instrument used to record
| ex: angiography
125
-itis
inflammation
| ex: tonsillitis
126
-logy
study of
| ex: cardiology
127
-lysis
to break down or decompose
| ex: glycogenolysis
128
-oid
resembling
| ex: arachnoid mater
129
-oma
tumor
| ex: carcinoma
130
-pathy
disease or disorder
| ex: cardiomyopathy
131
-phag
to eat or to feed
| ex: phagocytosis
132
-phil
to love or have an affinity for
| ex: hydrophillic
133
-stasis
stop or stable state
| ex: homeostasis
134
-stomy
surgical procedure in which an artificial opening is established
ex: colostomy
135
ACh
acetylcholine
136
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
137
ANS
autonomic nervous system
138
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
139
AMP
adenosine monophosphate
140
cAMP
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
141
C02
carbon dioxide
142
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
143
ECG/EKG
electrocardiogram
144
FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide
145
FADH2
reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide
146
GMP
guanosine monophosphate
147
cGMP
cyclic guanosine monophosphate
148
H+
hydrogen ion (acidic)
149
H2C03
carbonic acid
150
HC03-
bicarbonate ion
151
H202
hydrogen peroxide
152
HCl
hydrocloric acid
153
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
154
HR
heart rate
155
Kg
kilogram
156
L
liter
157
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
158
M0sm
milliosmole
159
mV
millivolt
160
Na+
sodium ion
161
NaCl
sodium chloride
162
NAD+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
163
NADH
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
164
NH3
ammonia
165
NH4
ammonium
166
NO
nitric oxide
167
O2
oxygen
168
OH-
hydroxide
169
Pi
inorganic phosphate
