Terminology Flashcards
Sagital plane
splits body into right and left sides, also called median plane
Anatomical position
body standing erect, facing forward, arms to side with palms facing forward
Parasagital plane
parallel to sagital plane but off to one side
Coronal plane
Or frontal plane, splits everything vertically to front and back
Transverse place
or horizontal plane, splits everything to top and bottom
Axial parts
head, neck, and trunk (mid/body section)
Appendicular parts
arms and legs
Anterior
front of body, also called ventral
Posterior
back of body, also called dorsal
Superior
or cranial, closer to top
Inferior
or caudal, closer to bottom
Medial
structures closer to the mid line, (sagital plane)
Lateral
structures that are farther from mid line like arms
Proximal
parts closer to the trunk, like shoulder
distal
parts farther away, like hands
deep
inside
superficial
more on the surface
Homeostasis
body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable interior environment. It’s what keeps us alive.
Afferent
is ariving
Efferent
is exiting
Negative feedback
stimulus causes a change to get our body back to homeostasis, or to our set point
positive feedback
stimulus causes a change to get our body out of or away from our set point. Much less common, labor contractions and blood clotting
Integumentary system
What: hair, nails, skin, sweat glands
Function: to protect the body from damage, control body temperature, impede loss of water, and assist in production of vitamin D
Skeletal systems
-Bones, related cartilage, joints and ligaments
Function: framework for the body that lends support and protection, creates blood cells, permits movements, provides storage for fat and minerals
Muscular systems
-muscles and tendons
Functions: facilitates movement, generates body heat, and sustains body posture
Lymphatic system
-Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, various organs
Functions: eliminates foreign materials from circulation, fights illness, regulates tissue fluid levels, and absorbs fatty acids contained in the digestive tract
Respiratory system
-Lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles
Function: exchanges molecules of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the external environment and the blood. Also maintains blood pH
Digestive system
-Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and various organs
Function: mechanical and chemical digestion of food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste products from the body
Nervous system
-brain, spinal chord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Function: sensory perception, exercising control over body movement, cognitive reasoning, and a vast array of physiological processes
Endocrine system
-pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, and glands
Function: release of hormones, influences growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and other physiological processes
Cardiovascular system
-heart, blood vessels, and blood
Functions: utilizes blood as a vehicle, distributes gasses, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Also helps with immune response and body temperature regulation
Urinary system
- Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
- Function: maintains blood pH, regulates water balance, and expels waste products from blood
Female reproductive system
-ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, vagina, and other structures
Function: produces oocytes, provides location for fertilization and fetal development, also produces hormones that facilitate lactation and sexual behaviors and functions
Male reproductive system
-penis, testes, other various structure
Function: production of sperm cells and hormones which facilitate sexual behaviors and functions
Caudal
nearer to tail
Cephalic
nearer to head
Abdominal quadrants
right-upper quadrant | Left-upper quadrant
Right-lower quadrant | Left-lower quadrant
Thoracic cavity
contains lungs and heart
Abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs, liver to colon
Pelvic cavity
contains reproductive organs and urinary systems
transverse sectional
cross section straight up and down
longitudinal sectional
cross section that goes the length of the organ, horizontal
Oblique sectional
cross section that is at an angle, the cross section is oblique
a or an
without or lacking
ex: anorexia
ab-
away from
ex: abduct
ad-
toward or adjacent to
ex: adduct
anti-
agains, opposed, or inhibitive
ex: antihistamine
arthr-
joint
ex: arthroscopy
auto-
self
ex: autoimmune disease
bi-
two
ex: biceps
bio-
life
ex: biology
carcin-
cancer or tumor
ex: carcinogen
cardio-
heart
ex: cardiology
cephal-
head
ex: encephalitis
cerebro-
brain
ex: cerebrovascular accident
chondr-
cartilage
ex: chondrogenesis
circum-
around or round about
ex: circumcision
co-
with or together
ex: cofactor
contra-
against or in opposition to
ex: contradiction
derm-
skin
ex: dermatologist
di-
two
ex: disaccharide
dys-
difficult or abnormal
ex: dyslexia
ecto-
outside or external
ex: ectopic
endo-
inside or within
ex: endocardium
epi-
upon or above
ex: epidermis
erythro-
red
ex: erythrocyte
eu-
well, good, or true
ex: eukaryote
