Epithelial cells

Question 1

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 1

flattened cells with nuclei that resemble flattened ovals. Looks like fried egg. This type of cell forms wall of capillaries and alveoli in lungs. It also lines all blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the chambers in the heart. Serous membranes are also composed of simple squamous epithelium.

Question 2

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 2

composed os single layer of cells that has roughly the same width and height. Large, round nucleus typically located at the center of the cell. This tissue type often forms ducts or tubes. Cross sectional view shows nuclei in a row whereas longitudinally shows strings of beads. This cell type forms ducts around kidneys, forms endocrine glands and its ducts. Also the choroid plexus in the brain and the surface of the ovaries.

Question 3

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 3

composed of a single row of cells that are taller than they are wide. The nuclei also are longer ovals and run perpendicular to the surface. The nuclei typically lay in the lower 1/2 of the cell. Goblet cells are present in this type of epithelium. Close magnification also reveals microvilli (brush border), some also have cilia. This type of epithelium is found in the digestive tract, the uterus, the uterine tubes, gal bladder, and bile ducts.

Question 4

goblet cells

Answer 4

specialized, mucous secreting cells that are found in simple columnar epithelium

Question 5

Microvilli (brush border)

Answer 5

fingerlike projections of plasma membrane that greatly increase surface area

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

thread like projections capable of of wave-like motion to assist in the movement of substances across the cells.

Question 7

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 7

Single layer of cells though it looks multilayered. Each cell is connected to the basement membrane but not all cells make it all the way to the surface. They are wedge shaped and this then gives a stratified appearance. This type of epithelium also has goblet cells and cilia. Found in the nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, trachea, and bronchi of the lungs

Question 8

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 8

squamous type cells piled into a multi layered tissue. The layers change shape as they get closer to the basal membrane. they go from columnar to cuboidal. It is called keratinized because the top layer is dead and filled with a tough layer of keratin. Wavy basement membrane is also a distinctive feature which result from papilla. found on skin.

Question 9

Non-keratinized squamous epithelium

Answer 9

Looks a lot like the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium except it doesn’t have keratin. The lower layer however stains dark purple always and the superior layers after that get lighter in color. Found in the lining of the mouth, the throat, the esophagus, the vagina, the anus, and the cornea

Question 10

Transitional epithelium

Answer 10

Stratified, found in the bladder and some other structures in the urinary system. Can have two different appearances depending on the organ. When the bladder is in its relaxed state the cells will look cuboidal, when the bladder is full and stretched however, the cells look more like squamous cells.

Question 11

Apical (free) surface

Answer 11

the surface that has contact with the lumen which is the inner cavity of an organ. This is the surface that is not physically attached to something else

Question 12

Basal surface

Answer 12

bottom layer of tissue closest to connecting tissue, basal means bottom

Question 13

basement membrane

Answer 13

composed of glycoprotein material with collagen fibers.