Terminology Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
- standing upright
- feet down and facing forward
- arms at sides with palms forward
when no other information is given, it is assumed that sketches are drawn in the anatomical position
Cephalic
pertaining to the head
cranial
pertaining to the skulll
facial
pertaining to the face
frontal
pertaining to the forehead
nasal
pertaining to the nose
ocular or orbital
pertaining to the eye
otic
pertaining to the ear
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
oral
pertaining to the mouth
mental
pertaining to the chin
cervical
pertaining to the neck
thoracic
pertaining to the thorax or chest
axillary
pertaining to the armpit
mammary
pertaining to the breast
brachial
pertaining to the arm
antecubital
pertaining to the front of the elbow
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
palmar
pertaining to the palm
pollex
pertaining to the thumb
digits
pertaining to the fingers or toes
abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
umbilical
pertaining to the naval or belly
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
manual
pertaining to the hand
inguinal
pertaining to the groin
pubic
pertaining to the pubis
femoral
pertaining to the thigh
patellar
pertaining to the kneecap
crural
pertaining to the leg
tarsal
pertaining to the ankle
hallux
pertaining to big toe
pedal
pertaining to the foot
acromial
pertaining to shoulder
dorsal
pertaining to the back
olecranal
pertaining to back of elbow
lumbar
pertaining to loin or lower back
gluteal
pertaining to the buttocks
popliteal
pertaining to the back of the knee
sural
pertaining to calf
calcaneal
pertaining to the heel of the foot
plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
scapular
pertaining to the shoulder blade
antebrachial
pertaining to the forearm
coxal
pertaining to the hip
vertebral
pertaining to the bony spinal column
pectoral
pertaining to the breast or chest
perineal
pertaining to the anogenital region
region between the anus and whatever M/F reproductive organ
peroneal (fibular)
pertaining to the lateral side of the lower leg
sternal
pertaining to the sternum or breast bone
anterior
front side in the anatomical position
posterior
back side of the anatomical position
superior
above or higher than
inferior
below or lower than
medial
closer to the midline
lateral
away from the midline
cephalic (cranial)
towards the head
caudal
towards the tail
distal
further away from the trunk
proximal
closer to the trunk of the body or place of attachment
ventral
belly side
dorsal
back side
superficial
near or close to the surface of the body
deep
further away from the surface of the body
visceral
enclosed by a cavity
Tissue that touches the organs
parietal
meaning near a wall of a cavity
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
bilateral
on both sides
contralateral
on opposite sides
transverse or horizontal section
cross section, cut horizontally
sagittal section
left and right parts, cut into left and right
midsagittal section
equal left and right halves
frontal or coronal section
a front and back part
dorsal cavity
subdivided into two cavities that house the central nervous system
two cavities are the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
cranial cavity
cavity inside the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
spinal cavity
cavity in the dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord
meninges
connective tissues that protect the organs inside the spinal and cranial cavity
ventral cavity
contains 2 cavities (the thoracis and abdominopelvic cavity) that is separated by the mediastinum
mediastinum
the space between the lungs that houses the trachea, esophagus, heart and vessels of the heart
thoracic cavity
contains the lungs and the mediastinum
pleura
tissues that cover the lungs
visceral pleura
tissue that lines the outer surface of the lung
parietal pleura
tissue that covers the mediastinal wall
pericardium
tissue that surrounds the heart
abdominopelvic cavity
cavity that contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
visceral peritoneum
covers enclosed organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
parietal peritoneum
located of the inner surface of the body wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines
pelvic cavity
contains the reproductive organs for both male and female
what are the nine regions
*from top left to right and so on
- right hypochondriac region
- epigastric region
- left hypochondriac region
- right lumbar region
- umbilical region
- left lumbar region
- right inguinal region
- hypogastric/pubic region
- left inguinal region
what are the four quadrants
- right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- left lower quadrant (LLQ)
negative feedback
the body bringing itself back to a normal range or set point
e.g. : cold-shivering, hot-sweating, low sugar-glucagon, high sugar-insulin
positive feedback
an initial changing causes and even greater change
keeping the body away from homeostasis and losing the normal range
used to speed up a process
e.g. : blood clotting (cut makes you bleed, you bleed more so blood clots can form until you’re good)
homeostasis
a balance within the body that is controlled by the endocrine system and the nervous system
process of which the body gains balance of different chemicals and systems that is controlled by the Nervous and Endocrine System