Muscle Terminology and Facts

Question 1

what is the origin in regards to muscle attachment

Answer 1

the loss movable bony attachment of the muscle

Question 2

what is the insertion in regards to muscle attachment

Answer 2

generally the more movable bony attachment of the muscle

Question 3

typically muscles attach to ____ bones with _____ joint in between the bones

*number goes in the blank

Answer 3

2 bones, 1 joint

Question 4

when the muscle shortens, the __________ point moves towards the origin

Answer 4

insertion

Question 5

the insertion is usually the more ______ point of the muscle attachment

Answer 5

distal

Question 6

when talking about muscles, what does body mean

Answer 6

the belly of the muscle

Question 7

when talking about muscles, what does the phrase “ceps” mean

Answer 7

the number of origins/heads

Question 8

what is another name for origin when talking about muscles

Answer 8

head

Question 9

the origin is typically more ________ to the insertion

a. distal
b. proximal
c. deep
d. superficial

Answer 9

proximal

Question 10

what is a parallel muscle

Answer 10

fascicles parallel to the long axis

Question 11

what is a pennate muscle

Answer 11

fascicles extending over a broad area come together/converge on common attachment site

Question 12

which contains more muscle fibers, pennate muscles or parallel muscles

Answer 12

pennate muscles

Question 13

what is a circular muscle

Answer 13

fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening

Question 14

what is a first class lever similar to

Answer 14

a crow bar

Question 15

what is a second class lever similar to

Answer 15

a loaded wheel barrow

Question 16

what is a third class lever similar to

Answer 16

a pair of tongs

Question 17

list the facial muscles

Answer 17

orbicularis oris
orbicularis oculi
buccinator
zygomatic muscle

Question 18

what are other muscles of the head and neck

Answer 18

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
trapezius

Question 19

what are the muscles that move the shoulder and arm

Answer 19

pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
deltoid muscle
biceps brachii
brachialis
triceps brachii

Question 20

what muscles make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder

Answer 20

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 21

what are the muscles that move the trunk

Answer 21

abdominals: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
erector spinae
diaphram

Question 22

what muscles make up the abdominals

Answer 22

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

Question 23

what muscles make up the iliopsoas

Answer 23

iliacus muscle and psoas major

Question 24

what muscles make up the quadriceps

Answer 24

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

Question 25

what muscles make up the outer thigh

Answer 25

sartorius gracilis tensor fasciae latae

Question 26

what muscles make up the hamstrings

Answer 26

semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris

Question 27

what muscles make up the lower leg

Answer 27

triceps surae - soleus and gastrocnemius tibialis anterior

Question 28

how are muscles named

Answer 28

by: location, shape of the muscle, direction of the muscle fibers, number of origins (heads), size, action, origin and insertion

Question 29

give an example of muscles named by location

Answer 29

sternocleidomastoid *between sternum, clavicle and mastoid process infraspinatus *spiny part of the scapula

Question 30

give an example of muscles named by its shape

Answer 30

trapezius *4 sided shape deltoid *triangle

Question 31

give an example of muscles that are named in the direction of the muscle fibers

Answer 31

rectus abdominis (rectus=straight) transverse abdominis (horizontal)

Question 32

give an example of muscles that are named by the number or origins

Answer 32

biceps femoris (bi=two) triceps brachii (3 heads)

Question 33

give an example of muscles that are named by the size

Answer 33

gluteus maximus (biggest) gluteus medius (medium)

Question 34

give an example of muscles that are named based on their action

Answer 34

adductor femoris (adduction occurs here) pronator teres (pronation of the wrist)

Question 35

give an example of muscles that are named on origin and insertion

Answer 35

sternocleidomastoid

Question 36

what is group action

Answer 36

muscles that have different roles during specific movements that come together to produce a general movement

Question 37

define prime mover

Answer 37

major muscle that produces the desired action

Question 38

define antagonists

Answer 38

muscles that complete an action that is opposite to the prime mover

Question 39

define synergists

Answer 39

muscles that assist the prime mover

Question 40

what are fixators

Answer 40

muscles that stabilize the point of origin of the prime mover

Question 41

T/F antagonists are the muscles that must stretch in order for the prime mover to contract

Answer 41

true