Muscle Terminology and Facts Flashcards
what is the origin in regards to muscle attachment
the loss movable bony attachment of the muscle
what is the insertion in regards to muscle attachment
generally the more movable bony attachment of the muscle
typically muscles attach to ____ bones with _____ joint in between the bones
*number goes in the blank
2 bones, 1 joint
when the muscle shortens, the __________ point moves towards the origin
insertion
the insertion is usually the more ______ point of the muscle attachment
distal
when talking about muscles, what does body mean
the belly of the muscle
when talking about muscles, what does the phrase “ceps” mean
the number of origins/heads
what is another name for origin when talking about muscles
head
the origin is typically more ________ to the insertion
a. distal
b. proximal
c. deep
d. superficial
proximal
what is a parallel muscle
fascicles parallel to the long axis
what is a pennate muscle
fascicles extending over a broad area come together/converge on common attachment site
which contains more muscle fibers, pennate muscles or parallel muscles
pennate muscles
what is a circular muscle
fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening
what is a first class lever similar to
a crow bar
what is a second class lever similar to
a loaded wheel barrow
what is a third class lever similar to
a pair of tongs
list the facial muscles
orbicularis oris
orbicularis oculi
buccinator
zygomatic muscle
what are other muscles of the head and neck
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
trapezius
what are the muscles that move the shoulder and arm
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
deltoid muscle
biceps brachii
brachialis
triceps brachii
what muscles make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
what are the muscles that move the trunk
abdominals: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
erector spinae
diaphram
what muscles make up the abdominals
rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
what muscles make up the iliopsoas
iliacus muscle and psoas major
what muscles make up the quadriceps
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
what muscles make up the outer thigh
sartorius
gracilis
tensor fasciae latae
what muscles make up the hamstrings
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
what muscles make up the lower leg
triceps surae - soleus and gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
how are muscles named
by:
location, shape of the muscle, direction of the muscle fibers, number of origins (heads), size, action, origin and insertion
give an example of muscles named by location
sternocleidomastoid *between sternum, clavicle and mastoid process
infraspinatus *spiny part of the scapula
give an example of muscles named by its shape
trapezius *4 sided shape
deltoid *triangle
give an example of muscles that are named in the direction of the muscle fibers
rectus abdominis (rectus=straight)
transverse abdominis (horizontal)
give an example of muscles that are named by the number or origins
biceps femoris (bi=two)
triceps brachii (3 heads)
give an example of muscles that are named by the size
gluteus maximus (biggest)
gluteus medius (medium)
give an example of muscles that are named based on their action
adductor femoris (adduction occurs here)
pronator teres (pronation of the wrist)
give an example of muscles that are named on origin and insertion
sternocleidomastoid
what is group action
muscles that have different roles during specific movements that come together to produce a general movement
define prime mover
major muscle that produces the desired action
define antagonists
muscles that complete an action that is opposite to the prime mover
define synergists
muscles that assist the prime mover
what are fixators
muscles that stabilize the point of origin of the prime mover
T/F
antagonists are the muscles that must stretch in order for the prime mover to contract
true
