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Anatomy&Physiology I > Muscle Terminology and Facts > Flashcards

Muscle Terminology and Facts Flashcards

1
Q

what is the origin in regards to muscle attachment

A

the loss movable bony attachment of the muscle

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2
Q

what is the insertion in regards to muscle attachment

A

generally the more movable bony attachment of the muscle

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3
Q

typically muscles attach to ____ bones with _____ joint in between the bones

*number goes in the blank

A

2 bones, 1 joint

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4
Q

when the muscle shortens, the __________ point moves towards the origin

A

insertion

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5
Q

the insertion is usually the more ______ point of the muscle attachment

A

distal

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6
Q

when talking about muscles, what does body mean

A

the belly of the muscle

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7
Q

when talking about muscles, what does the phrase “ceps” mean

A

the number of origins/heads

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8
Q

what is another name for origin when talking about muscles

A

head

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9
Q

the origin is typically more ________ to the insertion

a. distal
b. proximal
c. deep
d. superficial

A

proximal

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10
Q

what is a parallel muscle

A

fascicles parallel to the long axis

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11
Q

what is a pennate muscle

A

fascicles extending over a broad area come together/converge on common attachment site

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12
Q

which contains more muscle fibers, pennate muscles or parallel muscles

A

pennate muscles

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13
Q

what is a circular muscle

A

fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening

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14
Q

what is a first class lever similar to

A

a crow bar

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15
Q

what is a second class lever similar to

A

a loaded wheel barrow

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16
Q

what is a third class lever similar to

A

a pair of tongs

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17
Q

list the facial muscles

A

orbicularis oris
orbicularis oculi
buccinator
zygomatic muscle

18
Q

what are other muscles of the head and neck

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
trapezius

19
Q

what are the muscles that move the shoulder and arm

A

pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
deltoid muscle
biceps brachii
brachialis
triceps brachii

20
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

21
Q

what are the muscles that move the trunk

A

abdominals: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
erector spinae
diaphram

22
Q

what muscles make up the abdominals

A

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

23
Q

what muscles make up the iliopsoas

A

iliacus muscle and psoas major

24
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

25
Q

what muscles make up the outer thigh

A

sartorius
gracilis
tensor fasciae latae

26
Q

what muscles make up the hamstrings

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

27
Q

what muscles make up the lower leg

A

triceps surae - soleus and gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior

28
Q

how are muscles named

A

by:

location, shape of the muscle, direction of the muscle fibers, number of origins (heads), size, action, origin and insertion

29
Q

give an example of muscles named by location

A

sternocleidomastoid *between sternum, clavicle and mastoid process
infraspinatus *spiny part of the scapula

30
Q

give an example of muscles named by its shape

A

trapezius *4 sided shape
deltoid *triangle

31
Q

give an example of muscles that are named in the direction of the muscle fibers

A

rectus abdominis (rectus=straight)
transverse abdominis (horizontal)

32
Q

give an example of muscles that are named by the number or origins

A

biceps femoris (bi=two)
triceps brachii (3 heads)

33
Q

give an example of muscles that are named by the size

A

gluteus maximus (biggest)
gluteus medius (medium)

34
Q

give an example of muscles that are named based on their action

A

adductor femoris (adduction occurs here)
pronator teres (pronation of the wrist)

35
Q

give an example of muscles that are named on origin and insertion

A

sternocleidomastoid

36
Q

what is group action

A

muscles that have different roles during specific movements that come together to produce a general movement

37
Q

define prime mover

A

major muscle that produces the desired action

38
Q

define antagonists

A

muscles that complete an action that is opposite to the prime mover

39
Q

define synergists

A

muscles that assist the prime mover

40
Q

what are fixators

A

muscles that stabilize the point of origin of the prime mover

41
Q

T/F

antagonists are the muscles that must stretch in order for the prime mover to contract

A

true

Anatomy&Physiology I (19 decks)

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