Articulations Flashcards
define articulation
where bones meet
what does the prefix osteo- mean
bone
what does the prefix anthro- mean
joint
what does the prefix chondro- mean
cartilage
what does the prefix syn- mean
together
what does the prefix amphi- mean
slight
what does the prefix dia- mean
through
how can joints be classified
structurally and functionally
what is a synostosis
when fibrous connective tissue becomes bony with time
what is a synchondrosis
places where bone comes together with a cartilage structure
ex: anterior end of rib and coastal cartilage of thoracic cage
what are the 3 functional classifications of joints
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
what is synarthrosis
joint with no movement
what are examples of synarthrosis
sutures, gomphosis (teeth socket), synchondrosis, synostosis
what is amphiarthrosis
joint with slight movement
what are examples of amphiarthrosis
symphysis pubis
syndesmosis (distal tibia-fibula)
what is diarthrosis
freely moving joint
what are examples of diarthrotic joints
most joints:
elbow, knee
interphalangeal joints
shoulder, hip
Joints are classified functionally, based on ________________
the amount of movement that is possible at the joint
if there is no movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally
it is a synarthrosis
if there is slight movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally
it is amphiarthrosis
if there is free movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally
diarthrotic
what are the 3 structural classifications of joints
fibrous tissue
cartilaginous tissue
synovial joints
what are examples of fibrous tissue joints
sutures
gomphosis
syndesmosis
what are examples of cartilaginous tissue joints
symphysis (fibrocartilage)
epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)
T/F
The symphysis pubis and intervertebral articulations are symphyses
True
Y/N
synovial joints are not always diarthrotic joints
N
___________ joints are always diarthrotic joints and contain synovial fluid between the articulating bones
synovial joints
there are three possible tissues that could be found between bones: fibrous tissue, cartilage, or synovial fluid.
what type of classification is this
structural
this is what it is made of in between the bones
joints can be classified _______________ based on the amount of movement that is possible at the joint.
functionally
most joints of the appendicular skeleton are __________
diarthroses
what are the parts to a synovial joint
fibrous capsule
synovial fluid
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
the fibrous capsule contains ____________________tissue
dense fibrous connective tissue
what are the components of synovial fluid
hyaluronic acid
lubricin
proteinase
collagenases
prostaglandins
what is the purpose of synovial fluid
to prevent friction between bones, ligaments, and tendons and add lubrication
what is a synovial membrane
a membrane that secretes synovial fluid to aid in preventing friction and add lubrication
what are the structural components of the synovial membrane
scattered cells on top of areolar tissue
how does the structure of synovial membranes differ from other membranes
synovial membranes scattered cells and areolar tissue while most other tissues consist of epithelial tissue
name places where synovial membranes are found in the body
at the bursae
at the tendon sheaths
at diarthrotic joints
what is the function of the bursae
membrane bound pockets filled with synovial fluid to prevent friction
is a cushion
what is the singular version of bursae
bursa
what is the function of a tendon sheath
it is an extended bursa that wraps around a tendon to allow tendon to move with ease without excess friction
are all synovial joints diarthrotic
yes
are all diarthrotic joints synovial
yes
what factors affect the degree of movement at a joint
soft tissue
shapes of condyles
ligaments
what does the angular motion “flexion” do
Decrease the angle of a joint
what does the angular motion “extension” do
closing of a joint back to neutral
Increase the degree of the joint back to normal
what does the angular motion “abduction” do
away from the midline
what does the angular motion “adduction” do
adding it to the midline
adding it to the body
what does the angular motion “circumdition” do
making of circles
circular motions
what does the angular motion “rotation” do
moving left and right only
lets you finger say no
what does a gliding joint allow
flat surfaces rubbing side to side
what is another name for a gliding joint
plane joint
what does a pivot joint allow
allows rotation
what does a hinge joint allow
allows flexion and extension
what does a ball-and-socket joint allow
allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation
what does an ellipsoid joint allow
allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumdition
what is another name for an ellipsoid joint
condyloid joint
what does a saddle joint joint allow
allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition
T/F
the modified hinge joint of the knee is made by the articulation of the tibia with the femur. in addition, the patella protects the knee joint and plays a role in knee extension.
T
what is a meniscus
a cushion that protects the knee joint from pressure and friction
what type of cartilage is found in the menisci
fibrocartilage
