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Anatomy&Physiology I > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

define articulation

A

where bones meet

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2
Q

what does the prefix osteo- mean

A

bone

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3
Q

what does the prefix anthro- mean

A

joint

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4
Q

what does the prefix chondro- mean

A

cartilage

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5
Q

what does the prefix syn- mean

A

together

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6
Q

what does the prefix amphi- mean

A

slight

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7
Q

what does the prefix dia- mean

A

through

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8
Q

how can joints be classified

A

structurally and functionally

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9
Q

what is a synostosis

A

when fibrous connective tissue becomes bony with time

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10
Q

what is a synchondrosis

A

places where bone comes together with a cartilage structure

ex: anterior end of rib and coastal cartilage of thoracic cage

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11
Q

what are the 3 functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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12
Q

what is synarthrosis

A

joint with no movement

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13
Q

what are examples of synarthrosis

A

sutures, gomphosis (teeth socket), synchondrosis, synostosis

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14
Q

what is amphiarthrosis

A

joint with slight movement

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15
Q

what are examples of amphiarthrosis

A

symphysis pubis
syndesmosis (distal tibia-fibula)

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16
Q

what is diarthrosis

A

freely moving joint

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17
Q

what are examples of diarthrotic joints

A

most joints:

elbow, knee
interphalangeal joints
shoulder, hip

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18
Q

Joints are classified functionally, based on ________________

A

the amount of movement that is possible at the joint

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19
Q

if there is no movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally

A

it is a synarthrosis

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20
Q

if there is slight movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally

A

it is amphiarthrosis

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21
Q

if there is free movement at the joint, how is it defined functionally

A

diarthrotic

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22
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous tissue
cartilaginous tissue
synovial joints

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23
Q

what are examples of fibrous tissue joints

A

sutures
gomphosis
syndesmosis

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24
Q

what are examples of cartilaginous tissue joints

A

symphysis (fibrocartilage)
epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)

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25
Q

T/F

The symphysis pubis and intervertebral articulations are symphyses

A

True

26
Q

Y/N

synovial joints are not always diarthrotic joints

A

N

27
Q

___________ joints are always diarthrotic joints and contain synovial fluid between the articulating bones

A

synovial joints

28
Q

there are three possible tissues that could be found between bones: fibrous tissue, cartilage, or synovial fluid.

what type of classification is this

A

structural

this is what it is made of in between the bones

29
Q

joints can be classified _______________ based on the amount of movement that is possible at the joint.

A

functionally

30
Q

most joints of the appendicular skeleton are __________

A

diarthroses

31
Q

what are the parts to a synovial joint

A

fibrous capsule
synovial fluid
synovial membrane
articular cartilage

32
Q

the fibrous capsule contains ____________________tissue

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

33
Q

what are the components of synovial fluid

A

hyaluronic acid
lubricin
proteinase
collagenases
prostaglandins

34
Q

what is the purpose of synovial fluid

A

to prevent friction between bones, ligaments, and tendons and add lubrication

35
Q

what is a synovial membrane

A

a membrane that secretes synovial fluid to aid in preventing friction and add lubrication

36
Q

what are the structural components of the synovial membrane

A

scattered cells on top of areolar tissue

37
Q

how does the structure of synovial membranes differ from other membranes

A

synovial membranes scattered cells and areolar tissue while most other tissues consist of epithelial tissue

38
Q

name places where synovial membranes are found in the body

A

at the bursae
at the tendon sheaths
at diarthrotic joints

39
Q

what is the function of the bursae

A

membrane bound pockets filled with synovial fluid to prevent friction

is a cushion

40
Q

what is the singular version of bursae

A

bursa

41
Q

what is the function of a tendon sheath

A

it is an extended bursa that wraps around a tendon to allow tendon to move with ease without excess friction

42
Q

are all synovial joints diarthrotic

A

yes

43
Q

are all diarthrotic joints synovial

A

yes

44
Q

what factors affect the degree of movement at a joint

A

soft tissue
shapes of condyles
ligaments

45
Q

what does the angular motion “flexion” do

A

Decrease the angle of a joint

46
Q

what does the angular motion “extension” do

A

closing of a joint back to neutral
Increase the degree of the joint back to normal

47
Q

what does the angular motion “abduction” do

A

away from the midline

48
Q

what does the angular motion “adduction” do

A

adding it to the midline

adding it to the body

49
Q

what does the angular motion “circumdition” do

A

making of circles

circular motions

50
Q

what does the angular motion “rotation” do

A

moving left and right only

lets you finger say no

51
Q

what does a gliding joint allow

A

flat surfaces rubbing side to side

52
Q

what is another name for a gliding joint

A

plane joint

53
Q

what does a pivot joint allow

A

allows rotation

54
Q

what does a hinge joint allow

A

allows flexion and extension

55
Q

what does a ball-and-socket joint allow

A

allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation

56
Q

what does an ellipsoid joint allow

A

allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumdition

57
Q

what is another name for an ellipsoid joint

A

condyloid joint

58
Q

what does a saddle joint joint allow

A

allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition

59
Q

T/F

the modified hinge joint of the knee is made by the articulation of the tibia with the femur. in addition, the patella protects the knee joint and plays a role in knee extension.

A

T

60
Q

what is a meniscus

A

a cushion that protects the knee joint from pressure and friction

61
Q

what type of cartilage is found in the menisci

A

fibrocartilage

Anatomy&Physiology I (19 decks)

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