TERM 2- WORLD OF MICROBES

Question 1

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells (cell wall)

Answer 1

Prokaryotes- peptidoglycan

eukaryotes - made of cellulose

Question 2

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( RNA)

Answer 2

both present

Question 3

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( nucleus)

Answer 3

Prokaryotes- no membrane bound nucleus. presents as nucleoid

Eurkayotes- membrane bound nucleus

Question 4

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( ribosomes)

Answer 4

Prokaryotes - small ribosomes

eukaryotes- large ribosomes

Question 5

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( mode of reproduction)

Answer 5

prokaryotes- asexual (binary fission)

eukaryotes- sexual (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 6

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ( organism type )

Answer 6

prokaryotes - usually unicellular

eukaryotes- usually multicellular

Question 7

Monera

Answer 7

bacteria

Question 8

What are resident flora

Answer 8

Microbes that colonize the human body are called resident flora

Question 9

Pathogens

Answer 9

Diseases causing microbes are called pathogens

Question 10

Difference between resident flora and pathogens

Answer 10

Resident floras are microbes that colonize the human body while pathogens are disease causing microbes.

Question 11

What are the three common shapes of bacteria

Answer 11

coccus (sphere -shaped) , bacillus (rod-shaped), spirillum (curved, sometimes spiral-shaped)

Question 12

What is a gram staining

Answer 12

a technique used to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall constituents

Question 13

Gram positive (colour)

Answer 13

blue/purple

Question 14

Gram negative (colour)

Answer 14

red/pink

Question 15

acid-fast stain

Answer 15

usually for Tb

Question 16

Motile bacteria usually have long, very thin appendages called __________

Answer 16

flagella

Question 17

Flagella

Answer 17

move the bacterium

Question 18

fimbriae

Answer 18

stiff fibers that adhere bacteria to surfaces such as host cells

Allows a bacterium to gain access to the body

Question 19

Pilus

Answer 19

elongated, hollow appendage used to transfer DNA from one cell to another

Question 20

Genes that give bacteria resistance to _________ can be passed through a ________ by ___________

Answer 20

antibiotics, pilus. conjugation

Question 21

Many bacteria have small, circular pieces of DNA called

Answer 21

plasmids

Question 22

Genes that give bacteria resistance to antibiotics are often located in the

Answer 22

plasmids

Question 23

What happens if we abuse the use of antibiotics

Answer 23

Abuse of antibiotics increases the number of restraint bacterial strains that are difficult to kill

Question 24

Why are viruses considered non-living things

Answer 24

They are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell

No metabolic activity

Question 25

structure of viruses

Answer 25

contain nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

Nucleic acid is surrounded by a protein coat

Question 26

function of arm and base

Answer 26

carry and support

Question 27

function of ocular lens (eyepieces)

Answer 27

magnifies the image

Question 28

function of nose piece

Answer 28

for switching objectives

Question 29

function of stage

Answer 29

holds the slide in place for viewing

Question 30

Function of condenser

Answer 30

focuses light from the illuminator into the specimen

Question 31

function of diaphragm

Answer 31

control the amount of light that reaches the specimen

Question 32

function of the coarse adjustment knob

Answer 32

moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus

Question 33

function of the fine adjustment knob

Answer 33

brings the specimen into sharp focus

Question 34

power of objectives

Answer 34

4X, 10X , 40X, 100X

Question 35

lower power dry

Answer 35

4X, 10X

Question 36

hi power dry

Answer 36

40X

Question 37

oil immersion

Answer 37

100X

Question 38

overall magnification

Answer 38

ocular magnification x objective magnification