female reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
what are gamete
A
a functional reproductive cell
2
Q
what are gonads
A
reproductive organs that produces gametes and hormones
3
Q
what are female gonads and gametes
A
gonads- ovaries
gametes- oocyte
4
Q
what are male gonads and gametes
A
gonads- testis
gametes- sperm
5
Q
female system also __________ and _________ the developing _________ until birth
A
protect , nourish, fetus
6
Q
functions of female reproductive tract
A
- produce sex hormones (oestrogen, progesterone)
- produce gametes
- support and protect developing embryo
7
Q
female gonad
A
ovary
8
Q
female ducts
A
fallopian tube (oviducts) uterus external genitalia
9
Q
function of ovaries
A
produces eggs and female hormones
10
Q
location of ovaries
A
located near lateral of pelvic cavity
11
Q
gametes or eggs are called
A
ova
12
Q
type of female sex hormones being secreted
A
estrogens
progestins
13
Q
function of fimbriae
A
finger-like, ciliated projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary
14
Q
function of ampulla
A
widest section of the uterine tubes. Fertilisation usually occurs here
15
Q
what is isthmus
A
narrow section of the uterin tubes connecting the ampulla to the unterine cavity
16
Q
function of uetrus
A
provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the embryonic and fetal development
17
Q
what are the 3 regions of uterus
A
fundus, body and cervix
18
Q
uterine wall has 3 layers which are?
A
endometrium (inner layer)
perimetrium (outer layer)
myometrium (middle layer)
19
Q
inner layer of the uterine wall
A
endometrium
20
Q
middle layer of the uterine wall
A
myometrium
21
Q
outer later of uterine wall
A
perimetrium
22
Q
endometrium has how may layers
A
2 - functional layer and basal layer
23
Q
functional later shed during ___________
A
menstrual period
24
Q
basal layer contains
A
reproducing cells
25
functional layer varies in thickness according to
uterine cycle
26
muscle layer of myometrium contracts
during labor and delivery
27
_________ increase the uterine contractions
myometrium
28
vagina is an elastic muscular tube that is ______ and _______ to the rectum, _______ to the urethra
parallel and anterior, posterior
29
functions of the vagina
- passageway for menstrual fluid
- receives penis and holds semen during intercourse
- lower portion of birth canal
30
menstrual cycle controlled by hormones of
pituitary gland and ovaries
31
hormones of the anterior pituitary hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone & luteinizing hormone
32
functions of hormones of the anterior pituitary
provide feedback to hypothalamus
govern ovarian cycles
regulate secretions of ovarian hormones
33
hormones of the ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
34
function of hormones of the ovaries
govern uterine cycles
provide feedback to hypothalamus and pituitary
35
ovarian cycle is series of changes in
ovaries associated with oocyte and maturation
36
ovarian cycle is controlled by
FSH and LH
37
uterine cycle is the changes in the
endometrial lining of the uterus
38
uterine cycle is controlled by
estrogen and progesterone
39
ovarian cycle takes how long
secondary follicle matures through a 28 day cycle
40
phases during ovarian cycle
follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase
41
how long does follicular phase takes
14 days
42
ovulation
occurs in an instant
43
luteal phase duration
14 days
44
follicular phase onset is triggered by
an increase in FSH from pituitary gland to stimulate formation of tertiary follicle from secondary follicles.
45
estrogens are secreted by
growing follicular cells secrete estrogen
46
functions of estrogens
stimulate bone and muscle growth
establishes and maintains secondary sex characteristics
increases sex drive & maintains accessory organ function
initiates repair and growth of endometrium
47
effects of estrogen on heart
protects from cholesterol
48
effect of estrogen on brain
body temperature adjustmenet, memory function , libido adjustment
49
effect of estrogen on liver
cholesterol production regulation
50
effect of estrogen on breast
breast growth
feeding function
51
effect of estrogen on bones
bones strength
density increase
52
effect of estrogen on ovary
maturation simulation
53
effect of estrogen on uterus
monthly preparation for pregnancy or menstral cycle
54
estrogen negative feedback decreases what hormones
GnRH and FSH
55
LH surge happens during
ovulation
56
early corpus luteum produces
progesterone
57
increased levels of estrogens at about day _______ trigrers surge of _______
12 , LH
58
LH surge triggers ________ stage
ovulation
59
what happens during the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle
- tertiary follicle bursts
- release secondary oocyte into pelvic cavity
- oocyte enters uterine tube
60
what happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
- empty follicle collapses
- develops into endocrine structure, corpus luteum
- corpus luteum secretes progesterone, Prepares endometrium for implantation of embryo
- without fertillization of the ovum, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans which marks the end of full ovarian cycle
- FSH will rise to initiate another ovarian cycle
61
a primary follicle contains an __________ and begins the
oocyte , production of sex hormones estrogen
62
the secondary follicle contains a ______________ and produces the hormone __________ and
________________
primary oocyte, sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
63
describe what happens during the follicular phase
1. a primary follicle contains an oocyte and begins producing the sex hormone estrogen
2. the secondary follicle contains a primary oocyte and produces the sex hormones estrogen and progesteron
3. vesicular (graafian) follicle develops
4. the secondary oocyte is release
64
function of corpus luteum
produce sex hormones progesteroe and some estrogen
65
what is an uterine cycle
- changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus
| - controlled by estrogen and progesterone
66
what is the word to describe 1st cycle at puberty
menarche
67
function of the uterine cycle
prepare uterine lining for implantation of fertilised ovum, called a zygote
68
phases of uterine cycle
menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase
69
menses happens day _ to _
1-5
70
describe what happens during menses
degeneration of functional zone of endometrium. Arteries constrict and secretory glands and epithelial cells die, functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed.
blood and dead cells pass through and out the vagina
71
menses is triggered by
drop in progesterone and estrogen. ovarian hormones are at their lowest levels.
72
the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle begins at
completion of menses
days -14
73
what happens during the proliferative phase
increases in ovarian estrogen trigger regeneration of functional layer of the endometrium
endometrium is repaired and thickens
endometrium becomes wall vascularized
development of nutritional secretory glands in the endometrium
functional zone bevomes thick.
estrogen levels rise
ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage
74
_______ levels rise during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle
estrogen
75
the secretory phase begins at
ovulation to prepares endometrium for a developing embryo/ pregnancy
76
secretory phase of the uterine phase is stimulated by
progesterone secreted by corpus luteum
77
what will happen during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle
the arteries in the endometrium will elongate and spiral to increase the blood supply to the embryo . nutritional glands enlarge
78
if fertilization does occur , embryo produces hormones that cause
corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones,
prepare the development and implantation of embryo
79
if fertilization does not occur,
corpus luteum degenerates, which leads to decreased progesterone and uterine cycle ends and menses will begin again
80
what is menopause
time when ovulation and menstruation cease
decline in estrogen and progesterone due to the shortage of follicles that can respond to FSH.
link to osteoporosis
81
woman with menopause experiences neural effects such as
hot flashes, anxiety , depression
82
example of vaginal infections
candida infection
83
most common sexually transmitted infection in woman
chlamydia and gonorrhea
84
persistent vaginal infection may lead to
infection ascend up to uterus and fallopian tube which lead to scar tissue formation hence preventing sperm from meeting the ova and cause infertility
85
blocked fallopian tube due to infections, endometriosis leasing to scar tissue formation may lead to
prevent fertilization and lead to infertility
86
what are fibroids ?
non malignant tumors, commonly found at the uterus which prevent implantation
