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HumanBioSciences > female reproductive system > Flashcards

female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what are gamete

A

a functional reproductive cell

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2
Q

what are gonads

A

reproductive organs that produces gametes and hormones

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3
Q

what are female gonads and gametes

A

gonads- ovaries

gametes- oocyte

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4
Q

what are male gonads and gametes

A

gonads- testis

gametes- sperm

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5
Q

female system also __________ and _________ the developing _________ until birth

A

protect , nourish, fetus

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6
Q

functions of female reproductive tract

A
  • produce sex hormones (oestrogen, progesterone)
  • produce gametes
  • support and protect developing embryo
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7
Q

female gonad

A

ovary

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8
Q

female ducts

A 
fallopian tube (oviducts) 
uterus
external genitalia
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9
Q

function of ovaries

A

produces eggs and female hormones

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10
Q

location of ovaries

A

located near lateral of pelvic cavity

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11
Q

gametes or eggs are called

A

ova

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12
Q

type of female sex hormones being secreted

A

estrogens

progestins

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13
Q

function of fimbriae

A

finger-like, ciliated projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary

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14
Q

function of ampulla

A

widest section of the uterine tubes. Fertilisation usually occurs here

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15
Q

what is isthmus

A

narrow section of the uterin tubes connecting the ampulla to the unterine cavity

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16
Q

function of uetrus

A

provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the embryonic and fetal development

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17
Q

what are the 3 regions of uterus

A

fundus, body and cervix

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18
Q

uterine wall has 3 layers which are?

A

endometrium (inner layer)

perimetrium (outer layer)

myometrium (middle layer)

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19
Q

inner layer of the uterine wall

A

endometrium

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20
Q

middle layer of the uterine wall

A

myometrium

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21
Q

outer later of uterine wall

A

perimetrium

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22
Q

endometrium has how may layers

A

2 - functional layer and basal layer

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23
Q

functional later shed during ___________

A

menstrual period

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24
Q

basal layer contains

A

reproducing cells

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25
Q

functional layer varies in thickness according to

A

uterine cycle

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26
Q

muscle layer of myometrium contracts

A

during labor and delivery

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27
Q

_________ increase the uterine contractions

A

myometrium

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28
Q

vagina is an elastic muscular tube that is ______ and _______ to the rectum, _______ to the urethra

A

parallel and anterior, posterior

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29
Q

functions of the vagina

A
  • passageway for menstrual fluid
  • receives penis and holds semen during intercourse
  • lower portion of birth canal
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30
Q

menstrual cycle controlled by hormones of

A

pituitary gland and ovaries

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31
Q

hormones of the anterior pituitary hormone

A

follicle-stimulating hormone & luteinizing hormone

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32
Q

functions of hormones of the anterior pituitary

A

provide feedback to hypothalamus

govern ovarian cycles

regulate secretions of ovarian hormones

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33
Q

hormones of the ovaries

A

estrogen and progesterone

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34
Q

function of hormones of the ovaries

A

govern uterine cycles

provide feedback to hypothalamus and pituitary

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35
Q

ovarian cycle is series of changes in

A

ovaries associated with oocyte and maturation

36
Q

ovarian cycle is controlled by

A

FSH and LH

37
Q

uterine cycle is the changes in the

A

endometrial lining of the uterus

38
Q

uterine cycle is controlled by

A

estrogen and progesterone

39
Q

ovarian cycle takes how long

A

secondary follicle matures through a 28 day cycle

40
Q

phases during ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase

ovulation

luteal phase

41
Q

how long does follicular phase takes

A

14 days

42
Q

ovulation

A

occurs in an instant

43
Q

luteal phase duration

A

14 days

44
Q

follicular phase onset is triggered by

A

an increase in FSH from pituitary gland to stimulate formation of tertiary follicle from secondary follicles.

45
Q

estrogens are secreted by

A

growing follicular cells secrete estrogen

46
Q

functions of estrogens

A

stimulate bone and muscle growth

establishes and maintains secondary sex characteristics

increases sex drive & maintains accessory organ function

initiates repair and growth of endometrium

47
Q

effects of estrogen on heart

A

protects from cholesterol

48
Q

effect of estrogen on brain

A

body temperature adjustmenet, memory function , libido adjustment

49
Q

effect of estrogen on liver

A

cholesterol production regulation

50
Q

effect of estrogen on breast

A

breast growth

feeding function

51
Q

effect of estrogen on bones

A

bones strength

density increase

52
Q

effect of estrogen on ovary

A

maturation simulation

53
Q

effect of estrogen on uterus

A

monthly preparation for pregnancy or menstral cycle

54
Q

estrogen negative feedback decreases what hormones

A

GnRH and FSH

55
Q

LH surge happens during

A

ovulation

56
Q

early corpus luteum produces

A

progesterone

57
Q

increased levels of estrogens at about day _______ trigrers surge of _______

A

12 , LH

58
Q

LH surge triggers ________ stage

A

ovulation

59
Q

what happens during the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle

A
  • tertiary follicle bursts
  • release secondary oocyte into pelvic cavity
  • oocyte enters uterine tube
60
Q

what happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

A
  • empty follicle collapses
  • develops into endocrine structure, corpus luteum
  • corpus luteum secretes progesterone, Prepares endometrium for implantation of embryo
  • without fertillization of the ovum, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans which marks the end of full ovarian cycle
  • FSH will rise to initiate another ovarian cycle
61
Q

a primary follicle contains an __________ and begins the

A

oocyte , production of sex hormones estrogen

62
Q

the secondary follicle contains a ______________ and produces the hormone __________ and
________________

A

primary oocyte, sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

63
Q

describe what happens during the follicular phase

A
  1. a primary follicle contains an oocyte and begins producing the sex hormone estrogen
  2. the secondary follicle contains a primary oocyte and produces the sex hormones estrogen and progesteron
  3. vesicular (graafian) follicle develops
  4. the secondary oocyte is release
64
Q

function of corpus luteum

A

produce sex hormones progesteroe and some estrogen

65
Q

what is an uterine cycle

A
  • changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus

- controlled by estrogen and progesterone

66
Q

what is the word to describe 1st cycle at puberty

A

menarche

67
Q

function of the uterine cycle

A

prepare uterine lining for implantation of fertilised ovum, called a zygote

68
Q

phases of uterine cycle

A

menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase

69
Q

menses happens day _ to _

A

1-5

70
Q

describe what happens during menses

A

degeneration of functional zone of endometrium. Arteries constrict and secretory glands and epithelial cells die, functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed.

blood and dead cells pass through and out the vagina

71
Q

menses is triggered by

A

drop in progesterone and estrogen. ovarian hormones are at their lowest levels.

72
Q

the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle begins at

A

completion of menses

days -14

73
Q

what happens during the proliferative phase

A

increases in ovarian estrogen trigger regeneration of functional layer of the endometrium

endometrium is repaired and thickens

endometrium becomes wall vascularized

development of nutritional secretory glands in the endometrium

functional zone bevomes thick.

estrogen levels rise

ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage

74
Q

_______ levels rise during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle

A

estrogen

75
Q

the secretory phase begins at

A

ovulation to prepares endometrium for a developing embryo/ pregnancy

76
Q

secretory phase of the uterine phase is stimulated by

A

progesterone secreted by corpus luteum

77
Q

what will happen during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle

A

the arteries in the endometrium will elongate and spiral to increase the blood supply to the embryo . nutritional glands enlarge

78
Q

if fertilization does occur , embryo produces hormones that cause

A

corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones,

prepare the development and implantation of embryo

79
Q

if fertilization does not occur,

A

corpus luteum degenerates, which leads to decreased progesterone and uterine cycle ends and menses will begin again

80
Q

what is menopause

A

time when ovulation and menstruation cease

decline in estrogen and progesterone due to the shortage of follicles that can respond to FSH.

link to osteoporosis

81
Q

woman with menopause experiences neural effects such as

A

hot flashes, anxiety , depression

82
Q

example of vaginal infections

A

candida infection

83
Q

most common sexually transmitted infection in woman

A

chlamydia and gonorrhea

84
Q

persistent vaginal infection may lead to

A

infection ascend up to uterus and fallopian tube which lead to scar tissue formation hence preventing sperm from meeting the ova and cause infertility

85
Q

blocked fallopian tube due to infections, endometriosis leasing to scar tissue formation may lead to

A

prevent fertilization and lead to infertility

86
Q

what are fibroids ?

A

non malignant tumors, commonly found at the uterus which prevent implantation

HumanBioSciences (20 decks)

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