term 2 week 6 Flashcards
difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system (response time)
nervous system - faster to respond to stimuli
endocrine system - response is slower
difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system (action time)
nervous system- action lasts for short time
endocrine system- action lasts longer
difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system (target)
nervous system- specific targets
endocrine system- multiple targets
difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system (involved)
nervous systems- neurotransmitters are involved
endocrine system- hormones are involved
functions of the nervous system
- monitors the body’s internal and external environments
- integrates sensory information
- coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses
nervous systems are formed by specific nerves cells which is called
neuron
describe the anatomical divisions of the nervous system
neuron, neuroglia (cellular level)
nervous tissues (tissues)
brain, spinal cord. (organs)
nervous system
human
The nervous system comprises of two groups, which are?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What are the central nervous system made up of
brain and spinal cord
functions of the central nervous system
integrates and coordinates input and output
peripheral nervous system is made up of
all the neural tissues outside of the CNS. It is the connection between the CNS and the organs
What is the difference between sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division of the PNS
the sensory division of the PNS brings information to the CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs but the motor division of the PNS carries motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
the motor ( efferent) division includes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nervous system and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nervous system
somatic, autonomic
what is sotamic nervous system?
SNS is also called the voluntary nervous system because it allows us to consciously control our movement (skeletal muscle)
what is the autonomic nervous system?
ANS is also called the involuntary nervous system because it automatically regulates activities (smooth muscles, glands)
nervous tissue is made up of two types of cells
neurons and neuroglia
neurons is the _____ unit and what is its function?
basic , cells that communicate and carry information by transmitting a nerve impulse
functions of neuroglia
protects, supports and regulate the environment around the neurons
short projections of a neuron
dendrites
long projection of a neuron
axon
functions of dendrites
receive signals
functions of the axon hillock
where electrical signal begins
axons
carry signals to the next cell
axon terminals
bulb-shaped endings that form a synapse with the next cell
neuron have a _______ ability to _____ when damaged or destroyed
limited ability to regenerate
what is a myelin sheath?
a lipid covering on long axons
what is the function of the myelin sheath?
acts to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction, insulation and regeneration of the neurons (mainly in the PNS)
what are nodes of ranvier ?
gaps between the myelination on the axons
structurally neurons can be classified into 3 different groups which are ?
1) multipolar neuron
2) unipolar neuron
3) bipolar neuron
location of multipolar neurons
most common in the CNS and motor neurons
location of unipolar neurons
found in the PNS as sensory nerves
location of bipolar neurons
found in special sensory organs
what are afferent neurons
receive information from sensory receptors
what are efferent neurons
carry information to peripheral targets called effectors
what is an interneuron
receives information in the CNS and sends it to a motor neuron
what is demylination
a condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds neurons. The nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems
In the nervous system, message moves from one location to another in the form of ______________ along the ______ of a ________ - electrical
action potential (nerve impulse) along the axon of a neuron
Transferring of information from one cell to another takes place at
synapse - chemical
Plasma membrane of a neuron is ________ permeable
selectively
An undisturbed cell has a __________________
resting membrane potential
The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is
multipolar neuron
Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the cell body in between, are called
bipolar neuron
