male reproductive system Flashcards
testes
produce sperm and sex hormones
epididymis
ducts where sperm mature and some sperm are stored
vasa deferentia
conduct and store sperm
seminal vesicles
contribute nutrients and fluid to semen
prostate gland
contribute fluid to semen
bulbourethral glands
contribute mucus-containing fluid to semen
urethra
conducts sperm
penis
an organ of sexual intercourse. introduces semen to vagina during intercourse
wall of scrotum
dartos and cremaster muscle
dartos
a thin smooth muscle layer wrinkles the scrotal surface
cremaster muscle
a skeletal muscle pulls testes closer to the body to ensure proper temp for sperm
tunica albuginea
a dense fibrous capsule that surrounds each testis. it folds in to divide lobules
seminiferous tubules
site of sperm production
interstitial cells
found between tubules and produce testosterone
epididymis
beginning of the male reproductive tract . recycles damaged spermatozoa
sperm pass through _________ and ________ and enters the epididymis
rete testis and efferent ductules
undescended testis is also known as
cryptorchidism
what happens when a male has cryptorchidism
an undescended testicle is a testicle that hasn’t moved into its proper position in scrotum before birth
complications of undescended testis
fertility issues
testicular carcinoma
what is spermatogenesis
sperm production
spermatogenesis occurs in
seminiferous tubules
describe what happens during spermatogenesis
each division of seminiferous tubules produces daughter cell that is pushed into the lumen of the tubule
spermatogenesis inculdes
mitosis of stem cells
meiosis
spermiogenesis
spermatogenesis vs spermiogenesis
production, physical maturation
head of the sperm contains
nucleus with chromosomes
acrosome tip has
enzymes to penetrate the oocyte
the middle piece of sperm contains
mitochondria to provide energy for movement
flagellum
move sperm from one place to another
how long does it take for spermatozoa to travel through the epididymis
2 weeks
the ductus deferens is also known as
VANS DEFERENS
route of sperm
seminiferous tubules epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct penis
accessory glands of the male reproductive system include
Seminal glands, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands
functions fo the accessory glands
produce a fluid component of semen, activating spermatozoa.
provides nutrients for motility.
generating peristaltic contractions to propel sperm
and semen.
producing buffers to counteract acidic environment of urethra and vagina
the function of prostatic fluid- seminalplasmin
protein with antibiotic properties
appears to help prevent UTI
clinical importance associate with prostate gland
benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs in elderly men
the enlarged prostatic gland may lead to urinary obstruction
how can benign prostate be treated?
surgically treated by transurethral prostatectomy
pH of seminal gland secretion
alkaline (to buffer acid environments)
Components of seminal gland secretions
fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen
functions of fructose (Seminal Gland)
for metabolism by sperm
functions of prostaglandins (seminal gland)
stimulate smooth muscle in tract
functions of fibrinogen (seminal gland)
forms semen clot in vagina
pH of prostate gland secretion
acidic
seminal gland provides fluid that initiate the ____________________________
development of sperm motility (capacitation )
the prostate gland secretion has __________
seminalplasmin (antibiotic property)
function of prostate gland secretion (seminalplasmin)
prevent UTIs
the bulbourethral gland secretion (ph)
alkaline
thick mucus
functions of the bulbourethral secretion
buffers acidic environment (ph ALKALINE)
Lubricates glands of penis
what are the three regions of the penis
- root: fixed portion connected to body wall
- body: contains erectile tisse
- Glans
what are the two smooth muscle ic of erecting the penis
two corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
describe how male hormones are produces
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone ) secreted by hypothalamus triggers release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary.
FSH targets nurse cells to trigger spermatogenesis.
LH causes interstitial cells to secrete testosterone
functions of testosterone
maintains libido and stimulates aggression
stimulates bone and muscle growth
establishes and maintains male secondary sex characteristics
maintains accessory glands and organs of the male reproductive system
lack of testoesterone
hypogonadism
treatment for hypogonadism
testosterone replacement therapy.
