Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 - USMLE Factoids > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomlies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

Ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antiepileptic drugs (valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)

A
  • neural tube defects (valproate, carbamazepine)
  • cleft palate (phenytoin)
  • skeletal abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A
  • Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

- Mullerian anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Folate antagonists (trimethoprim, methotrexate, antiepileptic drugs)

A

NT defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isotretinoin

A
  • multiple severe defects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Methimazole

A

aplasia cutis congenita

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Talidomide

A

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia- “flipper limbs”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthal abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome: leading cause of intel disability in the US

  • microcephaly
  • facial abnml (smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures)
  • and heart-lung fistulas, heart defects, limb dislocation

Note: failure of cell migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cocaine

A
  • low birth wt (IUGR)
  • preterm
  • placental abruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A
  • low birth wt (leading case in developed countries)
  • preterm labor
  • placental problems
  • IUGR
  • SIDS

Note: nicotine and cocaine cause vasoconstriction and CO causes less O2 delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iodine (lack or excess)

A
  • congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
17
Q

Maternal DM

A
  • caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
  • congenital heart defects
  • NT defects
  • macrosomia
18
Q

Methylmercury (from fish, sharks, etc)

A

Neurotoxicity

19
Q

Vit A excess

A
  • extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)

Note: think isotretinoin

20
Q

X-rays

A
  • microcephaly

- intel disability

21
Q

Heart- EtOH

A
  • VSD/ASD/PDA

- tet

22
Q

Heart- rubella

A
  • PDA
  • septal defect
  • pulm art stenosis
23
Q

Heart- Down

A
  • AV septal defect (endocardial cushion) - VSD/ASD
24
Q

Heart- DM mom

A

Transposition

25
Q

Heart- Marfan

A
  • MVP (mitral valve prolapse)
  • ao regurg
  • thoracic ao aneurysm and dissection
26
Q

Heart- Li

A

Ebstein anomaly

27
Q

Heart- Turner

A
  • bicuspid ao valve

- coarc of ao

28
Q

Heart- Williams

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

29
Q

Heart- 22q11

A
  • truncus arteriosus

- tet

Step 1 - USMLE Factoids (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions